Time reallocation in a multiresponse environment: Effects of restricting response classes.

abstract：:Five pigeons were exposed to an unsignalled avoidance procedure where key pecks were maintained through shock postponement. Functions obtained showed an inverse relationship between rate of responding and length of the response-shock interval, while changes in the shock-shock interval had no systematic effect on respo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Todorov JC,Ferrari EA,De Souza DG

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments using human participants varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers or point-loss punishers in two-alternative signal-detection procedures. Experiment 1 varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers for correct responses (Group A) and point-loss punishers for errors (Group B) across condit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following up on articles recently published in this journal, the present contribution tells (some of) "the rest of the story" about the value of randomization in single-case intervention research investigations. Invoking principles of internal, statistical-conclusion, and external validity, we begin by emphasizing the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Levin JR,Kratochwill TR,Ferron JM

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female college students answered standard questions about the women's liberation movement on three occasions. A set of target words was embedded in the questions, with one set used in Sessions 1 and 3, and a synonymous, but different set used in Session 2. The relative frequencies of usage of a given target w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Boe R,Winokur S

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to discriminate a slow click-rate from its absence, or to discriminate it from a faster click-rate. Subsequent click-rate generalization tests produced the usual steepened gradients after the intradimensional discrimination but produced flat gradients after presence/absence discrimination. The occ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams BA

更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An apparatus was developed to study social reinforcement in the rat. Four Long-Evans female rats were trained to press a lever via shaping, with the reinforcer being access to a castrated male rat. Responding under a fixed-ratio schedule and in extinction was also observed. Social access was found to be an effective r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Evans MJ,Duvel A,Funk ML,Lehman B,Sparrow J,Watson NT,Neuringer A

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental games have previously been used to study principles of human interaction. Many such games are characterized by iterated or repeated designs that model dynamic relationships, including reciprocal cooperation. To enable the study of infinite game repetitions and to avoid endgame effects of lower cooperation...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Krockow EM,Colman AM,Pulford BD

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of discriminative stimuli on choice in a highly variable environment using a procedure in which multiple two-key concurrent VI VI components changed every 10 reinforcers and were signaled by differential flashes of red and yellow keylights. Across conditions, five pigeons were exposed to a ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Krägeloh CU,Elliffe DM,Davison M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments assessed the impact of sample duration on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of whether or not the samples themselves signaled how long they would remain on. When duration was uncorrelated with the sample appearing on each matching trial, the typical effect of duration was observed: Choice accur...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Urcuioli PJ,DeMarse TB,Lionello KM

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of organisms to detect reinforcer-rate changes in choice preparations is positively related to two factors: the magnitude of the change in rate and the frequency with which rates change. Gallistel (2012) suggested similar rate-detection processes are responsible for decreases in responding during operant e...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Craig AR,Shahan TA

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven rats responding under fixed-ratio or variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement had continuous access to a drinking tube inserted into the operant chamber. Under different conditions they could drink either tap water or one of two saccharin solutions. In a baseline condition, the drinking bottle was empty. P...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Derenne A,Baron A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A reinforcement-switching procedure was used to produce negatively reinforced key pecking in pigeons. First, key pecking on a chain schedule (fixed-interval 10-sec variable-interval 60-sec) was conditioned using grain reinforcement. Second, intermittent shock in the initial link was introduced at a low intensity and g...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lewis P,Lewin L,Stoyak M,Muehleisen P

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments were conducted to investigate the quantitative relationship between response rate and reinforcement frequency in single and multiple variable-interval avoidance schedules. Responses cancelled delivery of shocks that were scheduled by variable-interval schedules. When shock-frequency reduction was taken...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Villiers PA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained in a matching-to-sample procedure with retention intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 s mixed within each session. In different conditions, reinforcement was delayed by 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 s from correct choice responses. Discriminability decreased with increasing retention-interval duration and with in...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sargisson RJ,White KG

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of an imperfect substitute for food on demand for food in a closed economy. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats pressed a lever for their entire daily food ration, and a fixed ratio of presses was required for each food pellet. In both experiments, the fixed ratio was held...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bauman RA,Raslear TG,Hursh SR,Shurtleff D,Simmons L

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In pigeons performing under a multiple schedule of food presentation, low key-pecking rates (0.18 to 0.29 responses per second) were maintained during 3-min fixed-interval components by requiring a 4-, 5-, or 6-sec pause preceding the food-delivery response (tandem DRL), while higher rates (0.70 to 1.37 responses per ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Stitzer M,McKearney JW

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were required to complete three successive fixed-interval components to obtain food. When the same exteroceptive stimulus was correlated with the three components, responding was positively accelerated between food deliveries. When different exteroceptive stimuli were correlated with each component in a fixed ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： KELLEHER RT,FRY WT

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preening in four pigeons was observed and recorded during operant level determinations, continuous and variable interval reinforcement, and extinction. The rate at which preening responses occur seems to be controlled by reinforcement in the same way as other operant behavior. Preening during VI reinforcement and exti...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： HOGAN JA

更新日期：1964-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a number of two-stimulus relations are established through training within a set of stimuli, other two-stimulus relations often emerge in the same set without direct training. These, termed "transitive stimulus relations," have been demonstrated with a variety of visual and auditory stimuli. The phenomenon has se...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fields L,Verhave T,Fath S

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck with differing force requirements on a key specially designed to measure and control force of pecking without changes in the mechanical threshold. Following training on a key illuminated by a single wavelength, a generalization test was given. Force and rate gradients were obtained. Force ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： COLE JL

更新日期：1965-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on multiple schedules in which responding on a center key produced matching-to-sample trials according to the same variable-interval 30-s schedules in both components. Matching trials consisted of a vertical or tilted line sample on the center key followed by vertical and tilted comparisons on the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA,Milo J,Odum AL,Shahan TA

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative analysis permits the isolation of invariant relations in the study of behavior. The parameters of these relations can serve as higher-order dependent variables in more extensive analyses. These points are illustrated by reference to quantitative descriptions of performance maintained by concurrent schedul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were trained in an analogue foraging procedure in which, by completing a travel requirement, they entered a "patch" in which a reinforcer might be available after an unpredictable time. They also had the opportunity, by emitting a defined response, to exit the patch and travel to another patch. Prey avail...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McCarthy D,Voss P,Davison M

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superstitions were demonstrated with human subjects when presses on one button were reinforced on a VI 30-sec schedule while presses on a second were never reinforced. Superstitious responding, on the second button, was often maintained because presses on that button were frequently followed by reinforcement for a sub...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： CATANIA AC,CUTTS D

更新日期：1963-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was examined under second-order schedules of electric shock presentation in which different discriminative stimuli were associated with consecutive components (sequence schedules). Components were always two-minute fixed-interval schedules, and three different overall schedules were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gardner ML,Malagodi EF

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galbicka G,Branch MN

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to criterion in successive reversals of a classically conditioned heart-rate discrimination. Criterion was attained more rapidly in the later reversals in the series than in the early reversals and the inter-problem learning curve was of the same general form as that found with successive instrumenta...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Tighe TJ,Graves DM,Riley CA

更新日期：1968-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons pecked keys and 5 rats pressed levers for food delivered on variable-interval schedules. During baseline conditions, subjects responded on a variable-interval 40-s schedule throughout the session. During experimental conditions, the programmed rate of reinforcement changed every 10 min in the 50-min sess...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McSweeney FK,Weatherly JN,Swindell S

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The odor span task is a procedure frequently used to study remembering of multiple stimuli in rodents. A large arena is used and odor stimuli are presented using scented cups. Selection of each odor is reinforced when first presented, but not on subsequent presentations; correct selections depend on remembering which ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galizio M,Mason MG,Bruce K

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing responses by pigeons were studied during sessions in which a food key and an observing key were available continuously. A variable-interval schedule and extinction alternated randomly on the food key. In one condition, food-key pecking during extinction decreased reinforcement frequency during the next varia...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Allen KD,Lattal KA

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00