Responding under sequence schedules of electric shock presentation.

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on a Wyckoff observing response procedure in which key responses were reinforced on a mixed schedule consisting of fixed-interval and extinction components. In Experiment 1, stepping on a pedal (a) converted the mixed schedule to a multiple schedule, (b) replaced the mixed-schedule stimulus with a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hirota TT

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This experiment compared descriptions of concurrent choice by the stay/switch model, which says choice is a function of the reinforcers obtained for staying at and for switching from each alternative, and the generalized matching law, which says choice is a function of the total reinforcers obtained at each alternativ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： MacDonall JS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Punishment of bar-pressing responses of rhesus monkeys with electric shock in one component of a multiple free-operant avoidance schedule suppressed responding in that component. These decreases were concomitant with response rate increases in the unpunished component (punishment contrast). Response rates in both comp...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lattal KA,Griffin MA

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Altruistic behavior has been defined in economic terms as "…costly acts that confer economic benefits on other individuals" (Fehr & Fischbacher, 2003). In a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation benefits the group but is costly to the individual (relative to defection), yet a significant number of players choose to coo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Locey ML,Safin V,Rachlin H

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human altruistic responding (called give responding), which delivered a reinforcer to someone other than the responder, was compared to responding where the responder was the recipient of the reinforcer (called earn responding). The same type of response (button pressing), the same reinforcer (a point representing a p...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weiner H

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resurgence refers to the recurrence of an extinguished target behavior following subsequent suspension of alternative reinforcement. Delivery of reinforcers during extinction of alternative behavior has been shown to mitigate resurgence. The present experiment aimed to determine whether delivering stimuli associated w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Craig AR,Browning KO,Shahan TA

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments show that the opportunity to engage in schedule-induced responding is reinforcing. In this experiment, the reinforcing strength of schedule-induced drinking was measured. Four rats were trained on a concurrent-chain schedule. The two terminal links provided food pellets on identical fixed-time sch...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Heyman GM,Bouzas A

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments using human participants varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers or point-loss punishers in two-alternative signal-detection procedures. Experiment 1 varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers for correct responses (Group A) and point-loss punishers for errors (Group B) across condit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-three pigeons were subjected to a series of procedures in which the key-peck's effects ranged from immediate, differential food reinforcement, through delayed reinforcement, the production of stimulus changes with and without probable secondary reinforcement, the prevention of food presentation ("food-avoidance...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herrnstein RJ,Loveland DH

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the first of two experiments, periods of noise were terminated with unavoidable shock to 36 rats. The rats' continuously reinforced responding was later completely suppressed during the noise when it was introduced without shock. The rats were then assigned to nine experimental groups. Each group was exposed to dif...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Blackman D

更新日期：1968-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a foraging schedule characterized by three different states, beginning with a search state in which completion of a variable interval on a white key led to a choice state. In the choice state the subject could, by appropriate responding on a fixed ratio of three, either accept or reject the sch...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ito M,Fantino E

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments examined the effect of food availability on pigeons' choice behavior under concurrent schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, 3 pigeons earned their daily food ration by choosing, in 30-min sessions, between concurrent variable-ratio 30 variable-interval 40-s schedules. Food presentations during...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shurtleff D,Silberberg A

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following pretraining with everyday objects, 10 children aged from 1 to 4 years were given common vocal tact training with a set of three pairs of arbitrary stimuli of differing shapes; Set 1. Nine children learned to tact one stimulus as "zog" and the other as "vek" in each pair, and all passed subsequent pairwise te...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lowe CF,Horne PJ,Hughes JC

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galbicka G,Branch MN

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytic methods of signal detection theory were employed to assess the utility of reinforcers. Four pigeons were trained to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus by pecking one of two side keys in a trial-by-trial choice paradigm. The relative rate of positive reinforcement for correct choices was varied to of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Nevin JA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments used pigeons in an autoshaping procedure and a single-subject design to examine compound stimulus control in classical conditioning. Experiment 1 examined the blocking effect, and Experiment 2 examined the unblocking effect. In both experiments, response-independent food was first delivered intermitt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Khallad Y,Moore J

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Operant conditioning techniques were applied to the study of how target fixations are controlled by the probability of signal occurrence. In a standard vigilance setting, gaze at three illuminable volt meters was monitored by a Mackworth television eye camera with automatic recording capability. Gaze at a given meter ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rosenberger PB

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subjective value of rewards declines the longer rewards are delayed into the future ("delay discounting"). Discounting behavior varies both as a function of an individual's trait and current state. The degree of discounting has repeatedly been associated with relapse following treatment of addiction. Therefore, th...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Roewer I,Wiehler A,Peters J

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal decision criterion placement maximizes expected reward and requires sensitivity to the category base rates (prior probabilities) and payoffs (costs and benefits of incorrect and correct responding). When base rates are unequal, human decision criterion is nearly optimal, but when payoffs are unequal, suboptima...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Maddox WT

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were provided with three keys. Pecking the center key produced grain on a schedule that alternated at unpredictable times between a variable-interval component and extinction. On concurrent variable-interval schedules, pecking either side key produced a stimulus associated with the variable-interval component ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dinsmoor JA,Mulvaney DE,Jwaideh AR

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By definition, all of the stimuli in an equivalence class have to be functionally interchangeable with each other. The present experiment, however, demonstrated that this was not the case when using post-class-formation dual-option response transfer tests. With college students, two 4-node 6-member equivalence classes...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fields L,Watanabe-Rose M

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aversive shocks are known to produce aggression when the shocks are not dependent on behavior and to suppress behavior when the shocks are arranged as a dependent punisher. These two processes were studied by presenting non-dependent shock to monkeys at regular intervals, thereby producing biting attacks on a pneumati...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Azrin NH

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In behavior analysis, research on stimulus equivalence has been an area of high activity for more than 45 years. Murray Sidman's contribution was crucial in the development of this field, and, thus, it seems informative to highlight the experiments that were necessary in the development of the descriptive model of equ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Arntzen E,Saetherbakken PS

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of conditional discrimination performance (Davison & Nevin, 1999) is combined with the notion that unmeasured attending to the sample and comparison stimuli, in the steady state and during disruption, depends on reinforcement in the same way as predicted for overt free-operant responding by behavioral momentum...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA,Davison M,Shahan TA

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We identify naming as the basic unit of verbal behavior, describe the conditions under which it is learned, and outline its crucial role in the development of stimulus classes and, hence, of symbolic behavior. Drawing upon B. F. Skinner's functional analysis and the theoretical work of G. H. Mead and L. S. Vygotsky, w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Horne PJ,Lowe CF

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The article discusses two important influences of B. F. Skinner, and later workers in the behavior-analytic tradition, on the study of animal timing. The first influence is methodological, and is traced from the invention of schedules imposing temporal constraints or periodicities on animals in The Behavior of Organis...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lejeune H,Richelle M,Wearden JH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments compared the amounts of behavioral variability generated with two reinforcement rules. In Experiments 1 and 2 pigeons received food whenever they generated a sequence of eight pecks, distributed over two keys, provided that the sequence contained a certain number of change-overs between the keys. Alt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Machado A

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Same/Different abstract-concept learning by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) was tested with novel stimuli following learning of training set expansion (8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1024 picture items). The resulting set-size function was compared to those from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), capuchin ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Magnotti JF,Katz JS,Leonard K,Kelly DM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An interresponse time analysis was used to study the effects of variable-ratio punishment schedules on the temporal pattern of reinforced responding. Twelve pigeons responded on a baseline variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. A variable-ratio ten schedule of electric shock punishment was then introduced. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lande SD

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00