Abstract：
:The relationship between cataract prevalence, altitude, and sunlight hours was investigated in a large national probability sample survey of 105 sites in the Himalayan kingdom of Nepal, December 1980 through April 1981. Cataract of senile or unknown etiology was diagnosed by ophthalmologists in 873 of 30,565 full-time life-long residents of survey sites. Simultaneously, the altitude of sites was measured using a standard mountain altimeter. Seasonally adjusted average daily duration of sunlight exposure for each site was calculated by a method which took into account latitude and obstructions along the skyline. Age- and sex-standardized cataract prevalence was 2.7 times higher in sites at an altitude of 185 meters or less than in sites over 1000 meters. Cataract prevalence was negatively correlated with altitude (r = -0.533, p less than 0.0001). However, a positive correlation between cataract prevalence and sunlight was observed (r = 0.563, p less than 0.0001). Sites with an average of 12 hours of sunlight exposure had 3.8 times as much cataract as sites with an average of only seven hours of exposure. Sunlight was blocked from reaching certain high altitude sites by tall neighboring mountains.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Brilliant LB,Grasset NC,Pokhrel RP,Kolstad A,Lepkowski JM,Brilliant GE,Hawks WN,Pararajasegaram Rdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113632subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-08-01 00:00:00pages
250-64issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
118pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) but an increased risk of other causes of morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether there is an upper limit to a protective effect of alcohol intake on CHD risk. Whether there is a U- or an L-shaped relation between alcohol ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009303
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:For diseases of well-defined genetic etiology and with onset after birth, the age at onset corresponds to the incubation period of the disease. The lognormal model, as used by Sartwell to study the distribution of incubation periods in infectious diseases (Am J Hyg 1950;51:310-8), was applied in this study to the dist...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113137
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence of esophageal cancer have not been thoroughly characterized with quantitative health-disparity measures. Using data from 1992-2013 from 13 US cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we assessed such disparities according to histologi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx221
更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many nonrandomized interventions rely upon a pre-post design to evaluate effectiveness. Such designs cannot account for events external to the intervention that may produce the outcome. We describe a method to construct a surveillance registry-based comparison group, which allows for estimating the effectiveness of th...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwy103
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009029
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prevalence survey of respiratory diseases was conducted in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with the objective of explaining differing patterns of respiratory disease epidemiology in Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites (Anglos). The study population was selected at random from the 1978 R.L. Polk & Co. Directory. This paper foc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113512
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several investigators have documented the effect of temperature on mortality, although fewer have studied its impact on morbidity. In addition, little is known about the effectiveness of mitigation strategies such as use of air conditioners (ACs). The authors investigated the association between temperature and hospit...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq231
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115751
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of dietary carbohydrates in weight loss has received considerable attention in light of the current obesity epidemic. The authors investigated the association of body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) with dietary intake of carbohydrates and with measures of the induced glycemic response, using data from...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi051
更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwv334
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112830
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Second malignancies in women diagnosed with thyroid cancer are of concern given the young average age at diagnosis and excellent survival. Data from the California Cancer Registry were used to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers among a retrospective population-based cohort of 10,932 women diagnosed with papil...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj072
更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The knowledge of leprosy epidemiology is still extremely limited as to basic epidemiologic characteristics. Only the infectious agent and the reservoir of infection have been firmly established. It is all the more surprising that very few studies of analytical leprosy epidemiology are reported in the literature. In or...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114012
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr378
更新日期：2012-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt119
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu082
更新日期：2014-06-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009879
更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that a G-to-T transition in exon 2 of the factor XIIIA gene resulting in a substitution of leucine for valine at amino acid 34 (FXIII Val34Leu) protects against venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the evidence to date is insufficient to incorporate testing for the FXIII Val34Leu variant into c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj179
更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the availability of safe and effective measles vaccines since 1963, measles still accounts for approximately 10% of global mortality from all causes among children aged less than 5 years, an estimated 36.5 million cases and 1 million deaths in 1996. Worldwide in 1996, routine coverage with 1 dose of measles v...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009812
更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnostic testing is recommended in women with "ovarian cancer symptoms." However, these symptoms are nonspecific. The ongoing Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer Early (DOVE) Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, provides diagnostic testing to women aged 50 years or older with symptoms lasting for more than 2 weeks and less than...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww086
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between infections occurring in the first 2 years of life and development of eczema was investigated in 1,782 control children from a national population-based case-control study in the United Kingdom conducted over the period 1991-1996. Dates of eczema and infectious diagnoses were ascertained from co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn042
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114858
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115358
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccinating school-aged children against influenza can reduce age-specific and population-level illness attack rates. Using a stochastic simulation model of influenza transmission, the authors assessed strategies for vaccinating children in the United States, varying the vaccine type, coverage level, and reproductive ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp237
更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Low blood pressure during pregnancy has been associated with poor perinatal outcomes. However, whether this association is causal or is due to confounding has never been carefully assessed. The authors used data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a large prospective cohort study in 12 hospitals in the United St...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/153.7.642
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimentally, high-carbohydrate diets have been shown to elevate triglycerides, but it has not been established whether this rise is permanent or transient. The authors approached this question by studying 719 boys from worldwide populations with marked differences in long-term carbohydrate intake. Fasting serum tri...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115497
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plague (infection by Yersinia pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899-1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. The first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, on ships from the Orient. Both species were already established in Hawaii and became the widesp...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113745
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distributions of diseases in human populations so that we may identify ways to prevent and control disease. Although this definition broadly serves us well, I suggest that in recent decades, our discipline's robust interest in identifying causes has come at the expense of a ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt172
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) provides a useful metric of departure from additivity of effects on a relative risk scale. In this paper, the authors show that RERI is identical to the product term in a linear odds ratio or a linear relative risk model. SAS and STATA codes are provided for fitting a...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn411
更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors investigated families with at least one hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carried in Okinawa, Japan, to determine possible routes of hepatitis B virus transmission within family units. A total of 175 members of 37 families on the western part of Iriomote Island, Okinawa, were followed up for 2-13 years; ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113923
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
