Abstract：
:Six elderly male (65-75 years), seven elderly female (64-88 years), 15 young male (22-38 years), and nine young female (25-37 years) volunteers, all of normal body weight and clinically without cardiac or renal dysfunction, received a single 25-mg intravenous dose of lidocaine. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine were determined from blood samples drawn during 8 h following the lidocaine dose. Elimination half-life (t1/2) was markedly prolonged in elderly male subjects as compared with that in young male subjects (mean +/- SE: 2.70 +/- 0.21 versus 1.66 +/- 0.09 h; p less than 0.001). No difference in t1/2 was noted among female subjects (2.27 +/- 0.21 versus 2.07 +/- 0.07 h). Volume of distribution was greater in women than in men but was not influenced by age. Instead, prolongation in t1/2 in elderly men was the result of a highly significant decrease in total metabolic clearance (12.9 +/- 2.0 versus 19.8 +/- 1.5 ml/min/kg; p less than 0.05). No significant change in total metabolic clearance of lidocaine was noted between elderly and young women (18.3 +/- 2.0 versus 21.1 +/- 1.6 ml/min/kg). The findings suggest that in the elderly male patient without evidence of congestive heart failure or other coexisting chronic disease, the initial loading dose of lidocaine should be the same as for a young patient. However, to achieve comparable plasma concentrations and therapeutic effect during continuous infusion therapy, the elderly male patient should have the continuous infusion rate decreased by an average of at least 35%.
journal_name
J Cardiovasc Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacologyauthors
Abernethy DR,Greenblatt DJdoi
10.1097/00005344-198311000-00027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-11-01 00:00:00pages
1093-6issue
6eissn
0160-2446issn
1533-4023journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A single dose of doxazosin, a long-acting postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, was administered to seven patients with essential hypertension. Following administration of a single dose, all the patients except one who was forced to be discharged from the hospital for work, continuously received doxazosin once...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198707000-00013
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is pivotal in the progression of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. Resveratrol is a grape polyphenol that is implicated as an important contributor to red wine's vascular protective effects. Its antimitogenic action on VSMC is attributed to an array of plei...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e318059ae80
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used for treatment of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). The beneficial effects consist of a combination of hemodynamic effects and interference with cardiac structural alterations. These effects are believed to depend on inhibition of angiotensin ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 12 patients receiving either chronic oral (p.o.) maintenance bretylium and/or acute intravenous (i.v.) bretylium to evaluate drug efficacy and pharmacokinetics. All patients were survivors of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. A new assay for bretylium was applied, and it proved sensitive and reliable...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198105000-00008
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:: Interstitial fibrosis is a common pathological change in various heart diseases, especially cardiac hypertrophy. Arginine vasopressin (AVP), one of the hallmarks of heart failure, exhibits a profibrotic effect by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). In contrast, angiotensin-(...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000151
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium antagonists can be used with a number of other antihypertensive compounds. The combined use of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist and beta-blocker is well established and is probably the most efficacious combination for routine use. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may also constitute a suitabl...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vasodilatory properties of prostacyclin were studied in 12 intubated patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. When infused in doses of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/kg/min, prostacyclin produced a dose-dependent decrease in systemic vascular resistance from 2,702 +/- 143 to 1,654 +/- 106 dynes/cm5/m2 (p less...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198702000-00003
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When the cervical vagus nerve is briefly stimulated, a triphasic cardiac chronotropic response ensues: the cardiac cycle length initially increases, then briefly decreases, and subsequently increases again. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, alters these responses to acetylcholine when the heart is in sinoatrial no...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198807000-00017
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous as well as synthetic cannabinoids have potent vasodilatory actions in a variety of vascular preparations. Their precise mechanism of action is as yet unclear, but several studies point to the activation of type 1 vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors on primary afferent perivascular nerves, stimulating the release of...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.fjc.0000205053.53946.10
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several reports suggest that when diuretics are added to nifedipine (N), they do not exert any additional hypotensive effect to that produced by N alone. We present the first double-blind, crossover trial to investigate this interaction. Twenty-four black patients with moderate to severe essential hypertension entered...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulation of coronary hemodynamics is a complex process. One important factor that interferes with the regulation of coronary tone is the pathophysiological state of the vessels: stimuli that in normal vessels provoke no or only a slight vasoconstriction may cause a severe vasoconstriction in diseased vessels. Th...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasopressin is an essential hormone involved in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. It has been in use therapeutically for many decades, with an emphasis on its vasoconstrictive and antidiuretic properties. However, this hormone has a ubiquitous influence and has specific effects on the heart. Although diff...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000092
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an endogenous adaptor protein that coordinates the inflammatory response to agonists of the Toll-like receptor and interleukin-1 receptor families. This particular response is activated following myocardial ischemia and infarction and may represent a viable target...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181d3da24
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant reduction of maximal vasodilation capacity at the calf in relation to the severity of the hypertensive state has been demonstrated in essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of calf blood flow and vascular resistance in borderline hypertensives (BH) in comparison with n...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198608005-00025
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of different ACE inhibitors on tissue injury in isolated rat hearts subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Zofenoprilat (1-100 microM), but not enalaprilat or lisinopril, significantly reduced infarct size, as estimated on the basis of triphenyltetrazoliu...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200402000-00020
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anakinra is a recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist that competes and blocks the biologic effects of interleukin 1, reducing systemic inflammatory responses. In the 2015 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology, anakinra was established as ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000839
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative efficacies of 240 mg/day diltiazem and 20 mg/day nitrendipine were compared in a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study of 48 patients who had both moderate systemic hypertension and stable angina pectoris. Hemodynamic indices were measured by impedance cardiography and echocardiography and bicyc...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrendipine, a calcium entry blocker, was administered by gavage (3 mg/100 g body weight/day) to rats with prolonged angiotensin-II-(AII) induced hypertension. AII was infused by osmotic minipump implanted subcutaneously. Persistent hypertension was established after 5 days. Normotensive control rats had empty sham p...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aldosterone is increased in diabetes and contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. The authors hypothesized that reduction in aldosterone production in diabetes by amlodipine or aliskiren improves diabetic kidney disease by attenuating renal oxidative stress and fibrosis. Normoglycemic and streptozotocin...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e318274d2ef
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Essential hypertension is now considered a disease of pressure regulation implicating a multiplicity of physiological mechanisms. It is probably genetically predisposed and is associated with altered sensitivity to the sodium ion and a more than chance association with other clinical diseases. New concepts are emergin...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human saphenous veins were obtained at operation and assayed immediately (n = 10). The veins were cut into rings, suspended in organ chambers, and connected to force transducers for recording of isometric tension. One ring served as control; others were treated with either the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metformin has been used for the treatment of some metabolic diseases during gestation and the beneficial effects of metformin to the vascular system have been described in diabetic and obese animal models. Nevertheless, the long-term consequences to the vascular system of offsprings maternally exposed to metformin hav...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000520
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) can attenuate obesity and diabetes progression and improve diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, and we attempted to delineate its underlying mechanisms. Male C57Bl/6 mice were administered a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. Mice developed type 2 diabetes with increased body...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000621
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A sodium/calcium exchange mechanism that mediates both Ca2+ exit and Ca2+ entry is present in the sarcolemma of most types of muscle including mammalian cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle (VSM). The rate and direction of Ca2+ transport mediated by the exchanger are normally regulated primarily by: (a) the intra...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Arginase has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target to treat vascular dysfunction by improving substrate availability for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The purpose of...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0000000000000022
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In anesthetized and ventilated guinea pigs, intravenous injection of ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3 induced similar rapid and dose-related increases in pulmonary inflation pressure (PIP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Indomethacin inhibited the increase in PIP evoked by ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3, whereas the changes in MABP ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199100177-00093
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute discontinuation of statins induces vascular dysfunction and increases cardiovascular events. The mechanisms underlying these events are under investigation. We showed an increase in angiotensin II (AngII) signaling after acute statin withdrawal. We investigated whether AngII-AT1-receptor expression (AT1-R mRNA) ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e318157c0b2
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of bPTH-(1-34), a synthetic preparation of bovine parathyroid hormone containing the first 34 amino acids, on electromechanical activity of isolated rabbit sinus node cells and guinea pig papillary muscles were examined by microelectrode techniques. In sinus node cells, bPTH-(1-34) (10(-7) M) decreased the...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198805000-00016
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionary relationships among 17 protein and nucleic acid sequences from the sarafotoxin/endothelin/endothelin-like superfamily of peptides were studied. The endothelin/endothelin-like gene family has diverged from an ancestral gene that has experienced an exon duplication event followed by two complete gene du...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199100177-00148
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the epidemiological relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure (BP) and major cardiovascular diseases, we carried out the International Cooperative Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study, which so far involves 45 centers in 20 countries. From each population, 100 men an...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
