Abstract:
RATIONALE:Preclinical evidence suggests that non-cannabinoid neurotransmitter systems are involved in the behavioral and physiological effects of cannabinoids, but relatively little research has been conducted in humans. OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were to assess whether oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) would function as a discriminative stimulus in humans and to examine the substitution profile of drugs acting at opioid, GABA, and dopamine systems. METHODS:Healthy subjects who reported moderate cannabis use were enrolled. Subjects learned to identify when they received oral 25 mg Delta(9)-THC or placebo under double-blind conditions. Once subjects acquired the discrimination (i.e., > or =80% drug-appropriate responding for four consecutive sessions), multiple doses of Delta(9)-THC, the GABA(A) positive modulator triazolam, the micro-opioid agonist hydromorphone and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor methylphenidate were tested to determine if they shared discriminative-stimulus effects with the training dose of Delta(9)-THC. RESULTS:Eight subjects (N = 8) accurately discriminated Delta(9)-THC and completed the study. The training dose of Delta(9)-THC functioned as a discriminative stimulus and produced prototypical subject-rated drug effects. All of the drugs tested produced significant effects on the self-report questionnaires, but only Delta(9)-THC substituted for the training dose. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the discriminative-stimulus effects of Delta(9)-THC in humans are not directly mediated through central neurotransmitter systems acted upon by the drugs tested in this study.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Lile JA,Kelly TH,Pinsky DJ,Hays LRdoi
10.1007/s00213-008-1393-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
241-50issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
203pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol drinking may lead to increased aggression in certain individuals, and both fighting and drinking increase levels of dopamine and serotonin in mesocorticolimbic structures. Assessing the dynamic changes in these neurotransmitters during the course of drinking and fighting has remained challenging. OB...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0637-3
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of alcohol on locomotor activity of group- and individually-housed mice were studied using direct ethological observations, including a detailed postural analysis and measures of both locomotion and immobility. Ethanol (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, IP) was given to subjects placed alone in a novel cage, and v...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00464793
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Chronic nicotine administration decreases the functioning of the cystine-glutamate antiporter system x(c)- which is hypothesized to promote nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behaviors. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cystine pro-drug, increases the activity of the cystine-glutamate antiporter system x(c)-. Thus,...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2837-3
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions of amygdala kindling and drug effects were explored in two experiments. Pretreatment with cocaine (40 mg/kg, IP) for 10 days did not significantly affect the rate of amygdala kindling compared to saline or non-kindled controls. In contrast, daily amygdala kindling with 200 microA for 0.5 s for 20 days sub...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431655
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cue avoidance training (CAT) reduces alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the effects of this intervention are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:The present study investigated the effects of a single session of CAT on event-related and readiness potentials during pr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05462-7
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cognitive rehabilitation is now recognized as an important tool in the treatment of schizophrenia, and findings in this area are emerging rapidly. There is a need for a systematic review of the effects of the different training programs. OBJECTIVES:To review quantitatively the controlled studies on cognitive...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1326-5
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Central application of MTII, a melanocortin 3/4 receptor agonist, reduces food intake. The behavioral mechanisms underlying the anorexia, however, have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES:We examined the ingestive behavioral effects of MTII at the microstructural level using two complementary approaches. METHODS...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1022-5
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal experimental studies suggest that the therapeutic effect of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may involve neuroadaptive changes in pre- and post-synaptic serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors. We used the endocrine and hypothermic responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, gepirone (20 mg orally), to ass...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130050348
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Intramuscular (IM) conventional antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines are effective in the short-term treatment of acutely agitated psychotic patients but may be associated with adverse effects. A short-acting IM formulation of the novel antipsychotic, ziprasidone, which may offer advantages over conventional...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130000658
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-nine depressed female inpatients were treated with 100 mg amitriptyline (AMT) IM for 4 weeks. Depression ratings and determinations of the parent drug and nortriptyline (NT) were performed weekly. No direct relationship between plasma AMT + NT concentrations and therapeutic response was apparent, but beneficial ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244602
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the role of D1 dopamine receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine, two rhesus monkeys were trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced, drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate cocaine (0.2 mg/kg, IM) from saline. Administration of various doses of cocaine resulted in a dose-related in...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00181961
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alterations in protein kinase (PKA) protein levels have been implicated in the regulation of responses to and development of cocaine addiction. However, the contribution of differences in PKA intracellular cascade to the known sex differences in responses to cocaine is not well understood. This study exami...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1411-5
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Many previous studies have reported that alcohol and cannabis produce additive psychomotor effects in acute combination, but few have explicitly tested whether chronic exposure to cannabis, in the absence of acute administration, alters the effects of alcohol on psychomotor performance. OBJECTIVES:To test wh...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-001-0955-4
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five elderly depressed patients were treated with amitriptyline (AT) and nortriptyline (NT) in turn, in a cross-over design. Steady-state plasma drug levels were compared with those calculated for eight healthy subjects of previous single-dose studies. Plasma clearances were on average about 2.5 times lower in the pat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00436164
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Many addictive drugs are known to have effects on learning and memory, and these effects could motivate future drug use. Specifically, addictive drugs may affect memory of emotional events and experiences in ways that are attractive to some users. However, few studies have investigated the effects of addictiv...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2924-5
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The amygdala and insular cortex are integral to the processing of emotionally salient stimuli. We have shown in healthy volunteers that an anxiolytic agent, lorazepam, dose-dependently attenuates activation of limbic structures. OBJECTIVE:The current study investigated whether administration of a selective s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1004-8
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that pretreatment with dopamine (DA) receptor blockers disrupts the effect of intravenously (IV) and intracerebrally (ICV), but not intraperitoneally (IP) administered cocaine on place preference conditioning (PPC). The present study was undertaken to further evaluate possible differences between IV ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00735892
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal unoperated rats were tested for rotation (i.e., circling behavior) in a spherical "rotometer" and dose-response relationships were generated using d-amphetamine, apomorphine, L-Dopa, haloperidol, and scopolamine. The rotation induced by amphetamine was significantly antagonized by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and ha...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427609
更新日期:1976-06-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE:More than two decades ago, Wise proposed his "anhedonia hypothesis" to explain the role of dopamine in motivated behaviors. The hypothesis posits that dopamine mediates the pleasure experienced by reward obtainment. However, some experimental findings have contested this hypothesis and several ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0521-1
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to compare the effects of the acute administration of cocaine by two different routes, intravenous and intraperitoneal, on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats. Doses were initially chosen on the basis of their ability to elicit equivalent increases ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244931
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cognitive processes underlying drug use have typically been assessed in laboratory settings. More detailed and ecologically valid data may be possible if assessments were conducted in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) setting. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the feasibility and utility of administering a reac...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1006-6
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) and physostigmine salicylate (Antilirium), were tested for changes in tongue protrusions, retrusions, and swallowing acts in rats anesthetized with a 100 mg/kg IM injection of ketamine hydrochloride. These ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal events were monitored by means of a force displ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02180028
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal and human studies have demonstrated that, depending upon the sequence of alcohol presentation, long-term memory of events can either be enhanced or diminished. In the present study a similar phenomenon is demonstrated in the neuronal excitability of slices of hippocampus from guinea pig brains. Alcohol given af...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426380
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The endogenous cannabinoid system is thought to play a role in reinforcement processes. OBJECTIVES:We tested the effects of five doses of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist SR141716 [0, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP)] on intracranial self-stimulation at the level of the median forebrain...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100804
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The drug discrimination procedure has proven to be a valuable tool for studying the mechanism of action of psychoactive drugs. Recently, mice with targeted gene mutations have been developed that may also prove useful in evaluating the role of specific receptors in mediating the actions of drugs. We were inte...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1252-6
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Endogenous γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor (GABAAR)-active neurosteroids (e.g., allopregnanolone) regulate central nervous system excitability and many physiological functions, so fluctuations are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Pertinently, evidence supports an inverse relationship between en...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4671-0
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cocaethylene is a pharmacologically active homolog and metabolite of cocaine, formed by transesterification of cocaine in the presence of ethanol. Here we relate findings from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in which we examined the physiological and subjective effects and pharmacokinetic...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002139900363
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose-dependent effects of intravenously administered lorazepam on haemodynamic fluctuations were studied by means of spectral analysis, in order to elucidate sympathetic and parasympathetic components in cardiovascular control during situations of rest and mental stress after benzodiazepine administration. In a double...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02245447
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low doses of 8-OH-DPAT (62.5-250 micrograms/kg) were reinforcing in the place preference conditioning procedure, while a higher dose (1 mg/kg) supported a conditioned place aversion. The 5-HT synthesis inhibitor PCPA, and the DA antagonists pimozide and sulpiride, had no effect when administered alone, but abolished t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244082
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Ayahuasca is a traditional South American psychoactive beverage and the central sacrament of Brazilian-based religious groups, with followers in Europe and the United States. The tea contains the psychedelic indole N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and beta-carboline alkaloids with monoamine oxidase-inhibiting pr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0963-0
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00