Abstract:
:Outdoor air pollution at levels occurring in many urban areas around the world has substantial adverse effects on health. Children in general, and children with asthma in particular, are sensitive to the adverse effects of outdoor air pollutants, including ozone, nitrogen oxides, and respirable particulate matter. A growing number of studies also show that children living in environments near traffic have increased risks of new-onset asthma, asthma symptoms, exacerbations, school absences, and asthma-related hospitalizations. The large population of children exposed to high levels of outdoor air pollutants and the substantial risks for adverse health effects present unexploited opportunities to reduce the burden of asthma. Because the evidence indicates significant adverse effects of air pollution at current levels, there is clearly a need to reduce levels of regulated pollutants such as ozone, as well as unregulated pollutants in tailpipe emissions from motor vehicles. Achieving this long-term goal requires the active involvement of physicians and medical providers to ensure that the health of children is at the top of the list of competing priorities for regulatory policy decision-making. Clinical approaches include treatment to control asthma and patient education to reduce adverse effects of the disease. Reduction in exposures also can be approached at a policy level through changes in schools and school bus operations. Beyond clinical and public health approaches to reduce exposure, another strategy to be used before clean air goals are met is to decrease the susceptibility of children to air pollution. Emerging research indicates that dietary supplementation for individuals with low antioxidant levels is one promising approach to reducing susceptibility to air pollution. A second approach involves induction of enzymatic antioxidant defenses, especially for individuals with at-risk genetic variants of key antioxidant enzymes.
journal_name
Pediatricsjournal_title
Pediatricsauthors
Gilliland FDdoi
10.1542/peds.2008-2233Gsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
S168-73eissn
0031-4005issn
1098-4275pii
123/Supplement_3/S168journal_volume
123 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PEDIATRICS文献大全abstract::We report a case of bone pain associated with primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient with sickle cell disease. A 17-year-old girl with sickle cell disease (SS phenotype) was seen for bilateral knee and back pain. She had had recurrent severe vaso-occlusive crises and acute chest syndrome in the course of her disease...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0337
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parents of 217 chronically ill children and adolescents were surveyed concerning their opinions about disclosing medical information to schools. The sample consisted of parents of more than one third of the children and adolescents meeting inclusion criteria who were seen at a university-based pediatric clinic during ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parents, educators, law enforcement officials, and health professionals are all concerned about the violent radicalization of adolescents. Health professionals may be called on to assess teenagers regarding the risk that they will become dangerous. We present a case in which a psychiatrist is asked to do a forensic ev...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-0685
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Late-onset sepsis (occurring after 3 days of age) is an important problem in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. To determine the current incidence of late-onset sepsis, risk factors for disease, and the impact of late-onset sepsis on subsequent hospital course, we evaluated a cohort of 6956 VLBW (401-1500 ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1542/peds.110.2.285
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of selective nontreatment of extremely premature, critically ill, or malformed infants among all infant deaths in a level III intensive care nursery (ICN) and to determine the reasons documented by neonatologists for their decisions to withdraw or withhold life support. METHODS:Thi...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.99.1.64
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of postpartum hospital-stay legislation on newborns' length of stay, neonatal readmissions, and 1-year mortality in California, and whether this legislation had differential impacts by demographics and complications during delivery or pregnancy. METHOD...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2005-3044
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the rate of childhood under-vaccination, rate and types of missed opportunities (MOs) for vaccinations, and the contribution of MOs to the undervaccination of preschool-age children, the authors conducted a retrospective medical chart review in seven primary care settings in the Rochester, NY, area: a hos...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::General neonatal mortality statistics and those for the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were examined for the State of Wisconsin from 1979 through 1982. The objectives were to ascertain whether there are differences in total neonatal mortality related to sex and birth weight, to determine the veracity of reported ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcripts of tape-recorded interviews of pediatric endocrinologists and patients with Turner's syndrome and their parents were reviewed in consultation with child psychoanalysts in order to evaluate certain aspects of communication between patients and doctors. The transcripts showed that the doctors often talke...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the introduction of the hepatitis B vaccine in the United States in 1982, a greater than 90% reduction in new infections was achieved. However, approximately 1000 new cases of perinatal hepatitis B infection are still identified annually in the United States. Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B relies on the pro...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1870
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between selected child health outcomes and programmatic interventions using home visitors are analyzed. The following features of seven programs are systematically reported: program characteristics; description of the home visitors; program objectives, sample size, and research design; outcome measur...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children with various types of disabilities are beginning to benefit from the extensive developments in the field of electronic and microcomputer technology that have occurred in recent years. There exists now many devices that can assist children with physical or communication handicaps, learning difficulties, or sen...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vocal cord paralysis associated with goiter usually indicates the presence of a malignancy. Pediatric patients retain significant thymic tissue that regresses only later in life. This thymic tissue can develop significant hyperplasia during an acute autoimmune process. We describe a case of a 17-year-old girl who pres...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0437
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the use of once-a-day cefpodoxime proxetil to once-a-day cefixime in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media. DESIGN:Randomized, multicenter, investigator-blinded. SETTING:Outpatient. PATIENTS:A total of 368 patients (age 2 months to 17 years) were randomized to receive either cefpodoxim...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory failure is almost certainly the cause of death in the majority of cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but the mechanisms leading to it have not been elucidated. SIDS shares many environmental and socioeconomic risk factors with severe forms of bronchiolitis, and the age distribution of incident c...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care Program (NIDCAP) for very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants has been suggested by Als et al to improve several medical outcome variables such as time on ventilator, time to nipple feed, the duration of hospital stay, better behavioral performance on Assessm...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.100.6.e9
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenovirus infection is common in childhood and is generally associated with self-limited disease. Cidofovir, a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor, is used to treat adenovirus infection in select populations but is not often recommended for immunocompetent patients because of limited antiviral activity and nephrotoxicity....
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1632
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Communication between hospital providers and primary care physicians at the time of hospital discharge is necessary for optimal patient care and safety. Content of the inpatient discharge summary (DS) is not uniformly addressed by residency programs. OBJECTIVE:To improve DSs quality through a brief educatio...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0884
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is broad recognition of the need for population-based research to assess the safety and efficacy of newborn screening (NBS) for conditions that are not on current panels. However, prospective population-based research poses significant ethical, regulatory, and logistical challenges. In the context of NBS, there ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2271
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To characterize the composition of the pediatric subspecialty workforce in terms of the distribution of women and international medical graduates (IMGs) across pediatric medical subspecialties and to determine whether the proportions of board-certified pediatric subspecialists who are women or IMGs differ be...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2446
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the relative frequency of, the clinical and pathological correlates in, and the prognosis of the subset of infants with neuroblastoma who were identified initially by prenatal ultrasonography. DESIGN:Retrospective review of all patients with neuroblastoma evaluated between 1982 and 1992. SETTING:...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adults frequently seek medical services in children's hospital emergency departments (CHEDs), and are required to be admitted to CHEDs under the provisions of the Emergency Medical Transfer and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), which requires medical evaluation and stabilization of every patient who presents to an ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.111.6.1268
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Primary care providers need effective strategies for substance use screening and brief counseling of adolescents. We examined the effects of a new computer-facilitated screening and provider brief advice (cSBA) system. METHODS:We used a quasi-experimental, asynchronous study design in which each site served ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1624
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study late side effects of antenatal corticosteroid treatment on health and sexual development in subjects 20 to 22 years old. METHODS:A follow-up study among young adults whose mothers had, because of a threatening delivery, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial of betamet...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.105.6.e77
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lithium is a benchmark treatment for bipolar disorder in adults. Definitive studies of lithium in pediatric bipolar I disorder (BP-I) are lacking. METHODS:This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pediatric participants (ages 7-17 years) with BP-I/manic or mixed episodes compar...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0743
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Use of specific services may help to optimize health for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, little is known about their service use patterns. We aimed to (1) define service use groups and (2) determine associations of sociodemographic, developmental, behavioral, and health ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1895Q
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) reduces the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)/incidence of death in term and near-term neonates with severe hypoxic respiratory failure. We conducted a randomized, double masked, multicenter trial to determine whether administration of iNO earlier in respiratory fail...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.113.3.559
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The goals of this study were to: (1) determine if management according to a standardized clinical management pathway/algorithm (compared with usual treatment) improves clinical outcomes by 6 weeks; and (2) assess the reliability and validity of a standardized clinical management pathway for chronic cough in ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3318
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Previous studies have suggested that intervention with omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 LCPUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid, can reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. However, conflicting results have been reported. OBJECTIVE:We conducted this met...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0181
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the efficacy of emergency department (ED)-based brief interventions (BIs), delivered by a computer or therapist, with and without a post-ED session, on alcohol consumption and consequences over 12 months. METHODS:Patients (ages 14-20 years) screening positive for risky drinking were rand...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1260
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00