Abstract：
:The sensation that humans describe as "bitter" is evoked by a large group of chemically diverse ligands. Bitter stimuli are avoided by a range of species and elicit reflex rejection, behaviors considered adaptations to the toxicity of many of these compounds. We review novel evidence for neurons that are narrowly tuned to bitter ligands at the initial stages of central processing. These "B-best" neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) respond to multiple types of bitter stimuli and exhibit average responses to bitter tastants that are 6-8 times larger than to moderate concentrations of compounds representing other qualities. However, in the PBN B-best units are appreciably activated by intense salt and acid. Neurons broadly sensitive to salts and acids ("AN" neurons) also responded to bitter stimuli. This sensitivity appeared restricted to stronger intensities of ionic bitters, as cycloheximide remained ineffective across concentrations. In addition to chemosensitive profile, B-best neurons were also distinctive with regard to their posterior receptive fields, long latencies, slow firing rates and projection status. Compared to B-best NST cells, those in the PBN received increased convergence from anterior and posterior receptive fields and responded to a greater number of bitter stimuli. We conclude that B-best neurons likely contribute to pathways underlying gaping, aversive hedonic quality and taste coding. The differential responsiveness of B-best and AN neurons to ionic and nonionic bitter ligands also suggests a potential substrate for discrimination within this quality.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Travers SP,Geran LCdoi
10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.042subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-14 00:00:00pages
592-603issue
5eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(09)00119-Xjournal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effects of early undernutrition on behavior and brain biochemistry were examined in rats. At weaning, rats were provided either an ad lib diet (control group) or maintained at 80% of the weight of their control littermates (undernourished group). Three weeks into the diet they were tested in an open field. After 6...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.07.008
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90315-9
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.004
更新日期：2006-07-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-08-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.042
更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113199
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.020
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(96)00131-x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90309-4
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.018
更新日期：2012-03-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.027
更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.05.009
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90071-m
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(77)90166-4
更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90123-x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90352-5
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90327-6
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.058
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.012
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.029
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113160
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.029
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(85)90119-2
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.010
更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.005
更新日期：2004-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00804-1
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.004
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(82)90266-9
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.02.013
更新日期：2005-03-31 00:00:00
