Abstract:
:Lead, a systemic toxicant affecting virtually every organ system, primarily affects the central nervous system, particularly the developing brain. Consequently, children are at a greater risk than adults of suffering from the neurotoxic effects of lead. To date, no safe lead-exposure threshold has been identified. The ability of lead to pass through the blood-brain barrier is due in large part to its ability to substitute for calcium ions. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurologic disorders. At the molecular level, lead interferes with the regulatory action of calcium on cell functions and disrupts many intracellular biological activities. Experimental studies have also shown that lead exposure may have genotoxic effects, especially in the brain, bone marrow, liver, and lung cells. Knowledge of the neurotoxicology of lead has advanced in recent decades due to new information on its toxic mechanisms and cellular specificity. This paper presents an overview, updated to January 2009, of the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children, adults, and experimental animals at both cellular and molecular levels, and discusses the biomarkers of lead exposure that are useful for risk assessment in the field of environmental health.
journal_name
Rev Environ Healthjournal_title
Reviews on environmental healthauthors
Sanders T,Liu Y,Buchner V,Tchounwou PBdoi
10.1515/reveh.2009.24.1.15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
15-45issue
1eissn
0048-7554issn
2191-0308journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Globally, infectious diseases are responsible for a significant burden on human health. Drivers of disease transmission depend on interactions between humans, the environment, vectors, carriers, and pathogens; transmission dynamics are therefore potentially highly complex. Research in infectious disease eco-epidemiolo...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0052
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of serious environmental health hazards created by under-regulated/unregulated industries have morphed into public health crises around the world. The Conference on Corporate Interference with Science and Health (the Conference) was held to examine this trend in three economically significant industries: frac...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2013-0990
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to rapid urbanization, solid waste management (SWM) has become a significant issue in several developing countries including Thailand. Policies implemented by the Central Thai Government to manage SWM issues have had only limited success. This article reviews current municipal waste management plans in Thailand an...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2016-0061
更新日期:2017-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::AbstractThe National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program (SRP) funds diverse transdisciplinary research to understand how hazardous substances contribute to disease. SRP research focuses on how to prevent these exposures by promoting problem-based, solution-oriented research. SRP's ma...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0073
更新日期:2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2) is a commercially important nanomaterial used in numerous applications. Experimental studies with nanotitania have documented lung injury and inflammation, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Production workers in TiO2 manufacturing with a high proportion of nanoparticles and a mi...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2016-0030
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phthalate exposure is ubiquitous and may affect child and adolescent health through both in utero exposure and direct exposure during childhood. Variability in exposure within women is not well documented. We analyzed 90 first-morning urine samples collected by ten reproductive-age women for phthalate metabolites and ...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh.2010.25.4.359
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many environmental risk factors for antisocial and violent behavior have been described. In recent years, this topic has become widely researched in the fields of environmental health, psychology, sociology, and many other disciplines. The results from a myriad of studies have shown that the etiologies of violent and ...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2007.22.4.313
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations have the potential to increase air and water pollution in communities located near UOG operations. Every stage of UOG operation from well construction to extraction, operations, transportation, and distribution can lead to air and water contamination. Hundreds of chemicals a...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2014-0057
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nowadays the use of conventional wastewater treatment methods is becoming increasingly challenging mainly due to the presence of organic matter in wastewater. Therefore, an emerging technology is needed to deal with these highly concentrated and toxic non-biodegradable organic matters. In the last few decades, advance...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2019-0024
更新日期:2019-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational standards concerning the allowable concentrations of chemical compounds in the ambient air of workplaces have been established in several countries at national levels. With the integration of the European Union, a need exists for establishing harmonized Occupational Exposure Limits. For analytical develop...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2001.16.2.81
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead exposure is associated with impaired neurodevelopment among children. House dust is recognized as one of the important secondary sources of lead exposure in children. We assessed the relationship between lead contamination in house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. We investigated lead contaminatio...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0020
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticides having a high adverse effect on the health and environment of inhabitants of the Mexican Republic were studied to establish the main parameters to bear in mind for their use and application. The investigation showed that Mexico is the agricultural zone with the highest health damage to its population from p...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2000.15.4.399
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protecting the public from waterborne diseases is an environmental health responsibility that every government worldwide must deal with. Canada's recent experience with waterborne outbreaks has brought the effectiveness of its water-monitoring and treatment systems under scrutiny. This paper focuses on microbial water...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2008.23.2.119
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six organochlorine pesticides and pesticide metabolites in human blood were tested to determine their relationships with diabetic nephropathy. The data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 (unweighted, n=2992, population estimate=133,088,752). The six chemicals were...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0003
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progress in providing clean water and sanitation throughout the developing world has been steady and encouraging, even though UN Millennium Development Goals will not be completely met. A number of important lessons have been learned along the way with respect to point-of-use water treatment and sanitation devices tha...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2014-0017
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The public health leadership and management of lead exposure in a lead mining and smelting community in Mount Isa is an ongoing issue. There exists deficiencies in public health and environmental legal frameworks that regulate lead exposure and management in Mount Isa, Queensland. Although some positive practical meas...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0011
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many alternative shift schedules "compress" the working week into a smaller number of days by adding more work hours per day. The assessment of such work schedules needs to take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of this style of work on workers' health and well-being. The aim of the present study was...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh.1994.10.1.67
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review the methodology used in the analysis of time-series studies of ambient air pollution. Our focus is on mortality studies, in which daily counts of death are correlated with changes in air pollution. We first illustrate the methods by showing data from the 1950s, during which the effects of air pollution were ...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2003.18.4.269
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation (IR) targeted at killing cancer cells also damages normal human cells and tissues through oxidative stress. Thus, the practical treatment of cancer using radiation therapy (RT) is sometimes limited because of the acute side effects in individual patients. In addition, some radioresistant cancers are...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2018-0057
更新日期:2019-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Air contamination influenced the human health and environmental well-being of the ecosystem. Particulate matter is a series of issues from major air pollutants in atmosphere. The aim of the review was to analyses the influence of particulate matter on human health and estimate the number of populations exposed to air ...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0013
更新日期:2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental exposures are changing dramatically in location, intensity, and frequency. Many developing countries are undergoing a transition in which they face the double burden of infectious diseases as well as chronic diseases. Noncommunicable diseases have emerged as the leading cause of death and disability in d...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0049
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticide-induced oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of toxicity has been a focus of toxicological research for the last decade. Yet for certain pesticides, mechanisms leading to oxidative stress are only partly understood. Pesticide-induced oxidative stress is the final manifestation of a multi-step pathway, re...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2001.16.1.1
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nickel is a contact allergen causing Type I and Type IV hypersensitivity, mediated by reagins and allergen-specific T lymphocytes, expressing in a wide range of cutaneous eruptions following dermal or systemic exposure. As such, nickel is the most frequent cause of hypersensitivity, occupational as well as among the g...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2006.21.4.253
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl parathion (MP), a toxic organophosphate insecticide approved for outdoor use only, is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a Category Ia (extremely toxic) and by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as a Toxicity Category I (most toxic) insecticide. In several U.S. states...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh.2006.21.1.57
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and electric shocks occurs in many workplaces and occupations but it is unclear whether any of these exposures cause Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore whether occupational exposure to ELF-M...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0041
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::The UN General Assembly has just adopted the post 2015 Sustainable Development Agenda articulated in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Achieving the SDGs will be furthered by the closer integration of the climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) agendas. Gender provides us a valuabl...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0077
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall project objective at the Iron King Mine Superfund site is to determine the level and potential risk associated with heavy metal exposure of the proximate population emanating from the site's tailings pile. To provide sufficient size-fractioned dust for multi-discipline research studies, a dust generator wa...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0061
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decades, the use of common sources of electromagnetic fields such as Wi-Fi routers and mobile phones has been increased enormously all over the world. There is ongoing concern that exposure to electromagnetic fields can lead to adverse health effects. It has recently been shown that even low doses of mer...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2015-0017
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are primary vectors of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Ae. aegypti is highly anthropophilic and relies nearly exclusively on human blood meals and habitats for reproduction. Socioeconomic factors may be associated with the spread of Ae. aegypti due to their close relationsh...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0028
更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-term exposure to pollutants in ambient air is associated with higher mortality and occurrence of respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. The longitudinal cross-section study focuses on the associations between long-term exposures to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants and the prevalence a...
journal_title:Reviews on environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/reveh-2016-0031
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00