[Impact of university students lifestyle in the promotion of public health policies. The case of nudges.]

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:In the last decade, public policy makers are applying new tools to promote healthy habits, starting from the behavioral economics sciences and social psychology. These tools are known as nudges, and before being applied, the degree of acceptance that the population presents about them must be analyzed. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the lifestyle of the university population and the degree of acceptance of tools for the promotion of public health policies. METHODS:Cross-sectional correlational study of a representative sample of 590 university students (95% CI, α=5%) from Spanish universities using an online questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed applying Chi-squared test and Student t-test for independent samples. RESULTS:Young university students have an inadequate diet, with a deficient consumption of fruit and vegetables (only 27.8% consume them several times a day, the recommended daily amount being 5 pieces) and a high consumption of junk food, alcohol (68.81% and 63.39%, respectively, consumed between 1 and 2 times a week) and meat (consumed 3 to 4 times a week by 46.61%). By correlating the socio-demographic variables with food, significant results were found. The group of men, the youngest students, who are more supportive of the political right, and the religious practitioners, are the ones with the worst habits. In addition, those with older, more affiliated with the political left, less religious practice and better eating habits, they performed more responsible habits. There was a positive correlation between approval of nudges and responsible habits and less meat consumption (p<0,001), being significant in the nudges on food. CONCLUSIONS:The acceptance of public policies on health is related to healthy eating and to the most socially committed behaviors. In addition, these factors are more frequent among women, the older group, who show more support for the political left and have fewer religious beliefs. OBJETIVO:En la última década, los responsables de políticas públicas están aplicando nuevas herramientas para el fomento de hábitos saludables, partiendo de las ciencias de la economía conductual y la psicología social. Estas herramientas se conocen como nudges, y antes de ser aplicadas ha de analizarse el grado de aceptación que la población presenta sobre ellas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existía relación entre el estilo de vida de la población universitaria y el grado de aceptación de herramientas para el fomento de políticas públicas en salud. METODOS:Se elaboró un estudio correlacional transversal de una muestra representativa de 590 estudiantes universitarios (IC 95%, α=5%) de universidades españolas, mediante un cuestionario en línea. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados aplicando chi-cuadrado y la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. RESULTADOS:Los jóvenes universitarios tienen una alimentación inadecuada, con un deficiente consumo de fruta y verdura (solo el 27,8% las consumen varias veces al día, siendo la cantidad diaria recomendada de 5 piezas) y un consumo elevado de comida basura, alcohol (el 68,81% y el 63,39%, respectivamente, los consumían entre 1 y 2 veces por semana) y carne (consumida de 3 a 4 veces por semana por el 46,61%). Al correlacionar las variables sociodemográficas con la alimentación se encontraron resultados significativos, siendo los hombres y los estudiantes más jóvenes que apoyaban más a la derecha política, y los practicantes de alguna religión quienes tenían peores hábitos. Se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre la aprobación de nudges y los hábitos responsables con el menor consumo de carne (p<0,001), siendo significativo en los nudges que abordaban medidas sobre alimentación. CONCLUSIONES:La aceptación de políticas públicas en salud está relacionada con la alimentación saludable y con las conductas socialmente más comprometidas. Además, estos factores son más frecuentes entre las mujeres, en el grupo de mayor edad, entre quienes muestran más apoyo a la izquierda política y entre quienes tienen menos creencias religiosas.

journal_name

Rev Esp Salud Publica

authors

Cerezo-Prieto M,Frutos-Esteban FJ

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-07-24 00:00:00

eissn

1135-5727

issn

2173-9110

journal_volume

94

pub_type

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