[Cluster analysis in the definition of profiles of elderly people with dependency in Palma de Mallorca: relationship between health, social support and dependency.]

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:In Spain, the resources of the System for Autonomy and Attention to Dependency (SAAD) for the elderly are directed to intervene on dependency situations. They focus attention exclusively on physical and cognitive effects while the evidence and the main national and international entities indicate the need to establish measures to promote autonomy and prevent dependence. METHODS:Descriptive observational study, conducted on a sample of n=279 people benefiting from the Economic Benefit for Care in the Family Environment (PECEF) in Palma de Mallorca: n=178 people between 55 and 85 years (<75, n=69.06; ≥75, n=108.97) in a situation of dependency and 101 caregivers. The objective of the study was to define the socio-demographic, health, social support and dependency variables, as well as those related to the caregiver-dependent interaction to define the profile of people with dependence and to identify if the Spanish Dependency Assessment Scale defines the Degrees of Dependency objectively according to the variables that affect it. RESULTS:The "Group with high dependency" contained 57 beneficiaries (32.84% sample). With low disposition of affective support and high of material support, it showed a low assessment of his state of health. The "Medium dependency group" defined 86 beneficiaries (49.71% sample). It was characterized by achieving medium / medium-high scores on variables which indicate the need for improvements in certain health areas. The "Low Dependency Group" defined 30 beneficiaries (17.34% sample). It obtained low levels in the scores of social support and perception of health. CONCLUSIONS:From the cluster analysis performed using SPSS 25.0, 3 groups were defined; a group with high dependence, one with medium dependence and one with low dependence. Certain social and family factors show a statistically significant influence (p≤≠0.05) on dependency situations that mark possible intervention proposals. OBJETIVO:En España, los recursos del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia (SAAD) para las personas mayores se dirigen a intervenir sobre las situaciones de dependencia. Centran la atención de manera exclusiva sobre las afectaciones físicas y cognitivas, mientras que la evidencia y los principales entes nacionales e internacionales indican la necesidad de establecer medidas de promoción de la autonomía y de prevención de la dependencia. El objetivo del estudio fue el de definir las variables sociodemográficas, de salud, de apoyo social y de dependencia, así como las relativas a la interacción cuidador-dependiente, que delimitaban en mayor medida el perfil de las personas con dependencia, e identificar si el Baremo de Valoración de la Dependencia español definía los Grados de Dependencia de manera objetiva conforme a las variables que incidían sobre la misma. METODOS:Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, sobre una muestra de 279 personas beneficiarias de la Prestación Económica para Cuidados en el Entorno Familiar (PECEF) de Palma de Mallorca, con 178 personas de entre 55 y 85 años (<75, n=69,06; ≥75, n=108,97) en situación de dependencia y 101 personas cuidadoras. A partir del análisis de conglomerados realizado mediante SPSS 25.0, se definieron 3 grupos: un grupo con dependencia alta, uno con dependencia media y otro con dependencia baja. RESULTADOS:El “Grupo con dependencia alta” aglutinó 57 beneficiarios (32,84% muestral). Con baja disposición de apoyo afectivo y alta de apoyo material, mostró una valoración baja de su estado de salud. El “Grupo con dependencia media” definió 86 beneficiarios (49,71% muestral). Se caracterizó por alcanzar puntajes medios/medio-altos en variables que indican la necesidad de mejoras en ciertas áreas de salud. El “Grupo con dependencia baja” estuvo formado por 30 beneficiarios (17,34% muestral). Obtuvo bajos niveles en las puntuaciones de apoyo social y percepción de salud. CONCLUSIONES:Determinados factores sociales y familiares muestran una influencia estadísticamente significativa (p≤0,05) sobre las situaciones de dependencia que marcan posibles propuestas de intervención.

journal_name

Rev Esp Salud Publica

authors

Nevot-Caldentey L,Orte Socías C,Ballester Brage L

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-07-02 00:00:00

eissn

1135-5727

issn

2173-9110

journal_volume

94

pub_type

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