Abstract:
:The intergenic spacer region of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA contains multiple elements which are either 60 or 81 base pairs long. Clusters of these elements have previously been shown to act as position- and distance-independent enhancers on an RNA polymerase I promoter when located in cis. By a combination of deletion and linker scanner mutagenesis we show that the sequences essential for enhancer function are located within a 56-base-pair region that is present in both the 60- and 81-base-pair repeats. Within the 56-base-pair region one linker scanner mutation was found to be relatively neutral, suggesting that each enhancer element may be composed of two smaller domains. Each 56-base-pair region appears to be an independent enhancer with multiple enhancers being additive in effect. We review the current evidence concerning the mechanism of action of these enhancers.
journal_name
Mol Cell Bioljournal_title
Molecular and cellular biologyauthors
Pikaard CS,Reeder RHdoi
10.1128/mcb.8.10.4282subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
4282-8issue
10eissn
0270-7306issn
1098-5549journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Using a subtractive cloning scheme on cDNA prepared from primary pro-B and pre-B cells, we identified several genes whose products regulate apoptosis. We further characterized one of these genes, encoding protein kinase Ceta (PKCeta). PKCeta transcripts were readily detected in pro-B cells but were absent in pre-B cel...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.19.8.5608
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repair of chromosomal breaks is essential for cellular viability, but misrepair generates mutations and gross chromosomal rearrangements. We investigated the interrelationship between two homologous-repair pathways, i.e., mutagenic single-strand annealing (SSA) and precise homology-directed repair (HDR). For this, we ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.24.21.9305-9316.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Myt1 protein kinase functions to negatively regulate Cdc2-cyclin B complexes by phosphorylating Cdc2 on threonine 14 and tyrosine 15. Throughout interphase, human Myt1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, whereas Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Here we r...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.19.7.5113
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces various functions, including the proliferation and differentiation of a broad range of hematopoietic cells. We previously reported that at least two distinct pathways are involved in human GM-CSF receptor signaling; both require the box 1 region of the ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.18.2.742
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse myosin light-chain 1A (MLC1A) gene, expressed in the atria of the adult heart, is one of the first muscle genes to be activated when skeletal as well as cardiac muscles form in the embryo. It is also transcribed in skeletal muscle cell lines at the onset of differentiation. Transient transfection assays of m...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.15.8.4585
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase is a cytoplasmic signaling molecule recruited to the membrane by activated growth factor receptors. The p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase links the catalytic p110 subunit to activated growth factor receptors and is required for enzymatic activity of p110. In this report, we describe the eff...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.16.8.4117
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we demonstrate that elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by either a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase or endogenous cAMP-mobilizing G protein-coupled receptors inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT proteins by an interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor trans-signali...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00207-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis of the sizes and sequence content of nuclear RNA transcripts of the heavy-chain locus in two B-cell lymphomas, 70Z/3 and 38C-13, and in selected hybridoma derivatives of 38C has led to the identification of two distinct precursors of the mRNAs encoding the membrane and secretory forms of mu chain. These pr...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.3.7.1317
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fos and Jun transcription factors are induced during the normal course of the proliferative response of quiescent cells to serum or to growth factors. We have shown that delta FosB, an alternatively spliced form of FosB, is formed as rapidly as FosB in serum-stimulated Rat-1A cells. Although delta FosB lacks the C-ter...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.13.7.4157
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has identified critical roles for microRNAs in a large number of cellular processes, including tumorigenic transformation. While significant progress has been made towards understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation by microRNAs, much less is known about factors affecting the expression of these no...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.01395-06
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously proposed that the upstream regions of the human cardiac actin gene contain sequences that interact with muscle-specific factors with direct high-level transcription of this gene in differentiated muscle cells. In this study we showed that these factors already accumulate in the dividing myoblasts of...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.6.6.2137
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (Rb)-related p107 protein with the E2F transcription factor in S-phase cells facilitates the formation of a multicomponent complex also containing cyclin A and the p33cdk2 kinase. We have created a series of p107 mutants to assess the ability of p107 to...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.15.1.338
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myb family proteins are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors. In mammalian cells, they play a critical role in regulating the G(1)/S cell cycle transition but their role in regulating other cell cycle checkpoints is incompletely defined. Herein, we report experiments which demonstrate that c-Myb upregulates cy...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.01100-06
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila homeodomain protein Even-skipped (Eve) is a transcriptional repressor, and previous studies have suggested that it functions by interfering with the basal transcription machinery. Here we describe experiments indicating that the mechanism of Eve repression involves a direct interaction with the TATA bin...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.18.7.3771
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::F8dl is a simian virus 40 early-region deletion mutant that lacks the sequences between 0.169 and 0.423 map units. We show that cloned F8dl DNA immortalized early-passage Fisher rat embryo cells with an efficiency that was about 20% of that of cloned wild-type simian virus 40 DNA. In contrast, we detected no immortali...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.5.5.1191
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dexamethasone increases type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity released from the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080. We demonstrated that dexamethasone caused about 10-fold increases in the intracellular and extracellular levels of PAI-1 protein, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.7.8.3021
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tetrahymena ciliary membrane vesicles are shown to interact with preconjugant cells in a mating type-specific way. When cells are treated with vesicles of a different mating type before mixing for conjugation, cell pairing is enhanced, and the normal prepairing period is partially eliminated. This enhancement is matin...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.4.4.681
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Drosophila melanogaster, X chromosome dosage compensation is achieved by doubling the transcription of most X-linked genes. The male-specific lethal (MSL) complex is required for this process and binds to hundreds of sites on the male X chromosome. The MSL1 protein is essential for X chromosome binding and serves a...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.25.20.8913-8924.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a burgeoning family of proteins, each of which bears a conserved domain of 250 to 300 amino acids capable of phosphorylating substrate proteins on tyrosine residues. We recently exploited the existence of two highly conserved sequence elements within the catalytic domain to gene...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.11.4.2057
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurite outgrowth is an essential process during neuronal differentiation as well as neuroregeneration. Thus, understanding the molecular and cellular control of neurite outgrowth will benefit patients with neurological diseases. We have previously shown that overexpression of the signaling adaptor protein SH2B1β prom...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00940-13
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the SNF5/Ini1 core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is a tumor suppressor in humans and mice, with an essential role in early embryonic development. To investigate further the function of this gene, we have generated a Cre/lox-conditional mouse line. We demonstrate that Snf5 deleti...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.26.7.2661-2674.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the in vivo and in vitro regulation of the human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and analyzed the transcription factors and signalling pathways involved in the response of the -2.0-kb uPA enhancer to IL-1 induction and to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.19.9.6240
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase responsible for the maintenance of one strand of the telomere terminal repeats. The catalytic protein subunit of the telomerase complex, known as TERT, possesses a reverse transcriptase (RT) domain that mediates nucleotide addition. The RT domain of TERT is disti...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.23.23.8440-8449.2003
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, molecular mechanisms and factors involved in the tight regulation of telomerase expression and activity are still largely undefined. In this study, we provide evidence for a role of estrogens and their receptors in the transcriptional regulation of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase and, cons...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.20.11.3764-3771.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prdm1/Blimp-1 is a master regulator of gene expression in diverse tissues of the developing embryo and adult organism. Its C-terminal zinc finger domain mediates nuclear import, DNA binding, and recruitment of the corepressors G9a and HDAC1/2. Alternatively spliced transcripts lacking exon 7 sequences encode a structu...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00174-12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function of the p53 tumor suppressor to inhibit proliferation or initiate apoptosis is often abrogated in tumor cells. Mdm2 and its homolog, Mdm4, are critical inhibitors of p53 that are often overexpressed in human tumors. In mice, loss of Mdm2 or Mdm4 leads to embryonic lethal phenotypes that are completely resc...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.26.1.192-198.2006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Splicing of tRNA precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracts proceeds in two steps; excision of the intervening sequence and ligation of the tRNA halves. The ability to resolve these two steps and the distinct physical properties of the endonuclease and ligase suggested that the splicing steps may not be concerted...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.6.2.635
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ESC-E(Z) complex of Drosophila melanogaster Polycomb group (PcG) repressors is a histone H3 methyltransferase (HMTase). This complex silences fly Hox genes, and related HMTases control germ line development in worms, flowering in plants, and X inactivation in mammals. The fly complex contains a catalytic SET domai...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.6857-6868.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Drosophila melanogaster, achaete (ac) and m8 are model basic helix-loop-helix activator (bHLH A) and repressor genes, respectively, that have the opposite cell expression pattern in proneural clusters during Notch signaling. Previous studies have shown that activation of m8 transcription in specific cells within pr...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00003-10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human fetal G gamma-globin and adult beta-globin genes are expressed in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific pattern in transgenic mice: the G gamma gene in embryonic cells and the beta gene in fetal and adult erythroid cells. Several of the cis-acting DNA sequences thought to be responsible for these patter...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.10.3.1116
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00