Abstract:
:Electroconvulsive therapy is controversial and readily arouses the passions of both its supporters and detractors. In this article, Dr Schoen, an internist, discusses various aspects of this 50-year-old technique, including risks, contraindications, and physiologic effects.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Schoen REdoi
10.1080/00325481.1990.11716347subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-05-01 00:00:00pages
235-9issue
6eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Although the link between cigarette smoking and its cardiovascular effects is well established, the mechanisms through which smoking raises blood pressure remain to be clarified. Possible mechanisms include nicotine-induced peripheral and central sympathetic nervous system stimulation, persisting levels of nicotine in...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1996.11.114
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent increases in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, along with the aging of the US population, are driving a dramatic rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite this increase, the majority of Americans with early-stage CKD remain unaware of their disease. Primary care physicians are at the fo...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2473
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty of 24 hypertensive patients, six of whom had severe disease, had a reduction in standing blood pressure to less than 140/90 mm Hg after six weeks of treatment with prazosin alone or prazosin plus other antihypertensive drugs. The absence of significant side effects was impressive. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review glucose-lowering efficacy and changes in renal function associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DATA SOURCES:A literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases was performed from 2000...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1549459
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease occur often. Severity should be established by signs and symptoms and by reference to baseline pulmonary function test results when necessary. If the exacerbation is mild to moderate, treatment should include antibiotics, theophylline, beta agonists, and muc...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701168
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal problem in diabetes, and its prevalence has been underestimated. The cause of diabetic diarrhea is unknown, but it is probably related to gastrointestinal motility disturbances secondary to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Other causes (especially primary malabsorption syndromes and...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701372
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) refers to several subgroups of disease in which the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) is elevated to more than 25 mm Hg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg, and an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 3 Wood units as confirmed by right heart catheterizati...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1188664
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin and warfarin sodium (Coumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin) are used most often to treat acute and recurrent venous thromboembolic disease, arterial disease, valvular heart disease, and atrial fibrillation. These agents along with dextran, pneumatic compression devices, and gradient stockings are also used to prevent d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700985
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Abnormal pro-inflammatory regulation of the immune system might contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia during pregnancy. We examined the correlations of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with disease severity and assessed their predictive values. Methods: This re...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1764235
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treating rheumatoid arthritis can be very satisfying when patients participate fully in designing and implementing their therapeutic strategy. However, the strategy's success depends on early intervention and disease modification. Many patients do well when education, rest, diet, exercise, and drug therapy are incorpo...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1998.02.314
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hoarseness indicates an abnormality at the level of the glottis. This symptom may result from either structural or physiologic disorders. The differential diagnosis is lengthy and includes both benign and malignant diseases. History taking and physical examination, particularly laryngeal visualization, provide key clu...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The patient with jaundice may be accurately diagnosed through clinical history, physical findings, and noninvasive laboratory and radiologic examinations available in most community hospitals. Ultrasonography is usually the procedure of choice in initial evaluation, but if acute cholecystitis is suspected, hepatobilia...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oat cell carcinoma is the one variety of primary lung cancer which is sufficiently responsive to a variety of drugs and drug combinations that a very high rate of response and significant prolongation of survival can be consistently achieved. The question of whether anyone has been "cured" by drug treatment awaits mor...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1978.11714758
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is currently a worldwide epidemic, and will likely only increase in prevalence in the coming years. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) seems to be paralleling obesity. The MetS is strongly linked to insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.07.1800
更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Although a great deal of investigation has led to some novel approaches in treating primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), no method has been proven to definitively alter the long-term outcome of either disease. In addition, many of the medical regimens reviewed in this article have ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Naloxone is indicated for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression. The objective of this study is to evaluate patterns of naloxone use in hospitalized patients. METHODS:Retrospective chart review at the University of California, San Diego Health. Subjects included adults ≥18 years old who were adm...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2017.1263139
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of the causes and course of acute allergic contact dermatitis aids in recognition of this common problem. The most frequent cause is the Rhus group (poison ivy, oak, and sumac), and a large percentage of the US population is sensitized to this group of allergens. With severe cases, prompt administrati...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704608
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nasal congestion is considered the most bothersome of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms and can significantly impair ability to function at work, home, and school. Effective management of AR-related nasal congestion depends on accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Many individuals with AR and AR-related congesti...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.01.1961
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspiration results from abnormal structure or from dysfunction during the oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal stage of deglutition. Chemically induced inflammation of the lungs and obstruction of the airways may ensue. Feeding and swallowing problems may occur at any age, but they are particularly prevalent in the elderly...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701398
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:With advancements in medical imaging and current emphasis on regular physical examinations, multiple pulmonary lesions increasingly are being detected, including bilateral pulmonary lesions. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is an important method for treating such lesions. Most of video-assisted thoracic surg...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1398048
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cause, depth, and location of a laceration are major determining factors in its treatment. In all cases, the wound must be completely cleansed with irrigation under pressure and then examined radiographically if necessary and debrided. Successful repair depends on understanding and using the principles of wound he...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700310
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the face of deficiencies in our present system of introducing new drugs, clinicians must be committed to monitoring patients carefully. They must not be caught up in the hyperbole and excitement of the latest new drug, but instead should allow the crucible of time to teach them and the rest of the medical community...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11697799
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aims to compare the effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) with its accompanying patient support program with that of other basal insulin and available patient support programs in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a real-world setting in terms of achieving HEDIS (Healthcare Effec...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1241663
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemorrhoids are a common source of anorectal symptoms, which are determined by their size. A helpful measure in small hemorrhoids is a high-fiber diet; in moderate lesions, ligature therapy is effective. Surgery should be reserved for large hemorrhoids. Anal fissures, probably caused by trauma to the anal canal during...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine were examined for time-to-onset and -resolution of common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and male sexual dysfunction, and for changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) upon atomoxetine discontinuation. METHODS:...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1083394
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrent herpes simplex labialis (HSL), also known as orofacial herpes or cold sores, is a common clinical presentation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. It may manifest as painful, distressing, and cosmetically displeasing vesicles on the lips, nose, and nasal septum. Although oral or topical treatment with a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.09.2216
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment after kidney transplantation are described. In the first, the infection, which occurred soon after transplantation and was accompanied by signs of mild chronic rejection, was the immediate cause of death. The other case occ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715622
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of currently available information, the following recommendations can be made for treating osteoporosis. Women with no contraindications should maintain a total calcium intake of 1,000 mg daily before menopause and 1,500 mg daily after menopause. Calcium supplementation should be considered adjunct treatm...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704612
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of primary breast cancer with excision of the tumor plus radiation is now an accepted alternative to mastectomy in women who desire breast preservation and have a suitable clinical presentation. Tumor size and location should be carefully considered before applying treatment with this method, the primary con...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699425
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theophylline has long been a cornerstone of bronchodilator therapy for asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease, but until recently its use carried the risk of serious, even fatal, toxicity. With recent advances in understanding of this drug's pharmacologic properties and pharmacokinetic characteristics, serious to...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1984.11698651
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00