Abstract:
:Nasal congestion is considered the most bothersome of allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms and can significantly impair ability to function at work, home, and school. Effective management of AR-related nasal congestion depends on accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Many individuals with AR and AR-related congestion remain undiagnosed and do not receive prescription medication. However, new tools intended to improve the diagnosis of nasal congestion have been developed and validated. Intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) are recommended as first-line therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe AR and also when nasal congestion is a prominent symptom. Double blind, randomized clinical trials have demonstrated greater efficacy of INSs versus placebo, antihistamines, or montelukast for relief of all nasal symptoms, especially congestion. Patient adherence to treatment also affects outcomes, and this may be influenced by patient preferences for the sensory attributes of an individual drug. Increased awareness of the effects of AR-related nasal congestion, the efficacy and safety of available pharmacotherapies, and barriers to adherence may improve clinical outcomes.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Benninger Mdoi
10.3810/pgm.2009.01.1961subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
122-31issue
1eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Contrary to long-standing mores, what goes on in the person's home is not always sacred. When family relationships break down and family members deal violently with various stresses and problems, intervention is in order. Certain changes in societal attitudes would help prevent the problem. Physicians-alone or working...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1982.11716255
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Not all of the costs of private practice, particularly those related to government regulation, are within your control. However, there are steps, both large and small, that you can take to get fees under control and to eliminate or reduce expenditures. Dr Orient suggests a number of these. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::High blood pressure is unquestionably a risk factor for premature morbidity and mortality, especially from coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk of clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease increases dramatically if other risk factors, such as a history of cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolemia, left vent...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11704482
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present staging methods for non-small-cell lung cancer provide little more than epidemiologic assessment of prognosis for grossly defined groups of patients. Except in extreme instances, physicians can tell patients very little about their prognosis or the need for supplemental therapy. More effective and less tox...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704526
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Books received are listed as space permits, and those of particular interest to our readers are reviewed. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11699151
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parents of a child who is diagnosed as defective face a crisis for which they are usually unprepared. They need an opportunity to work through their intense feelings. In addition, they need specific information about how to be of use to their child. Self-help groups composed of parents of children with a similar handi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715093
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maximal exercise stress test continues to be an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in the primary care office setting. But are you getting the most accurate information possible? Drs Driggers and Marchant discuss several factors that are crucial to the test's validity--and thus to its usefulness in your clin...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.05.1.737
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite cervical cancer being considered a preventable disease, it still remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, with a higher incidence in underdeveloped countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the causative agent of cervical cancer. The major mechanisms through which HPV contributes...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.11.1928
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solitary pulmonary nodules are usually identified on routine chest radiographs in asymptomatic patients. Most nodules have a benign cause, but bronchogenic carcinoma, metastases, and other malignant processes are important causes as well and must be excluded in differential diagnosis. Plain chest radiography, computed...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than one half of middle-aged Americans have undesirably high serum lipid levels. Diets high in fiber and carbohydrate and low in fat reduce serum lipid levels two to four times more than the widely recognized American Heart Association diet. High intake of soluble fiber is especially effective for lowering serum ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699970
更新日期:1987-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Because new drugs continue to be developed, physicians treating patients with type 2 diabetes have a wide range of agents from which to choose. The newest class, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), should be a mainstay of treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes, because these agents reduce insulin resistance as we...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increased utilization of diagnostic procedures has prompted interest in cost-effective laboratory testing. Clinically useful tests-useful in the sense that the patient benefits-are cost effective. The choice of test(s) is determined by the risks and benefits of proposed management. In practice, the first step in c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715687
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanism of action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as saxagliptin, makes them suitable for combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic, cultural, and environmental differences in individuals from different regions of the world may result in differences in treatment respons...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.07.2305
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful joint and soft-tissue aspiration and injection rely on the physician's understanding of the indications, contraindications, and general techniques involved in these procedures. The procedures are generally well tolerated and can be used to treat many painful musculoskeletal and soft-tissue conditions. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2001.01.834
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem that is distressing for patients and costly for the healthcare system. UTIs commonly affect young, sexually active women; the elderly; and patients who have predisposing factors, such as catheterization. Recurrent infections are likely to occur in all these patients gr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.12.2000.suppl11.57
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The balloon-tipped thermodilution catheter (BTTC) is an expensive, labor-intensive technology that has moderate risks. The sensitivity and specificity of the three principal tests that it can perform have not yet been well defined for different patient groups. The BTTC allows the acquisition of mixed venous blood, fro...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699383
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical spondylotic myelopathy remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians in a number of specialties. The diagnostic evaluation consists of a comprehensive neurologic and orthopedic examination supplemented by appropriate neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic studies. Currently, magnetic resonance im...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704741
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte disorder in community or hospitalized patients. Serum sodium levels should be corrected at a proper rate in patients with hyponatremia, since overcorrection of serum sodium levels is related to devastating neurologic consequences, such as the osmotic demye...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1186488
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Several dermatoses are potentially fatal, and the mortality rate for some is quite high; prompt recognition and treatment are essential. Dr Gannon's succinct discussions of pemphigus vulgaris, necrotizing fasciitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, and urticaria and a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1994.11945875
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is treated by avoiding the precipitants of symptoms, by a trial of hyposensitization (immunotherapy) if the precipitant cannot be avoided, and principally by pharmacologic therapy. Acute attacks have been most widely treated with epinephrine, but adrenergic aerosol bronchodilators and aminophylline are being us...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714330
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::No single therapeutic agent has been found to be universally effective for rheumatoid arthritis, so regimens using combinations of drugs have become the rule. Recently, several new agents with unique mechanisms of action have been introduced and found to produce various degrees of clinical benefit. Among these agents ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.10.1.703
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three most common types of vertiginous episodes area benign positional vertigo, postural vertigo, and endolymphatic hydrops. One of these conditions will be found in more than 90% of patients who present with vertigo as their main complaint. A clear understanding of the differences among these three entities will ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715757
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunization of infants and children is the most effective strategy for decreasing the incidence of some infectious diseases. Most invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b occurs before age 5 years, and routine vaccination of infants for hepatitis B is currently recommended because selective immunization ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease is frequently present in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). New therapeutic options in this patient subpopulation are needed. OBJECTIVES:Assess the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of albiglutide in single- and multiple-dose stu...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.05.2754
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bedside pulmonary artery catheterization has proven to be an important addition to the clinical assessment of critically ill patients. Properly used, the procedure may provide hemodynamic information that is not apparent from physical examination or radiography. It may be safely accomplished through various venous rou...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700825
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auscultation is the core of pediatric cardiovascular evaluation and should be performed according to a routine. The four heart sounds should be sought in order at their usual locations, with particular attention to the second sound because of its important diagnostic role in congenital cyanotic heart disease. The next...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1982.11716128
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penile lesions are a discomfiting affliction demanding skillful diagnosis and management by the primary care physician. This article discusses and illustrates 14 common types, delineating characteristics, course, and treatment. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715853
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Treatment of these infections is complicated by the intrinsic and acquired resistance of this bacterium to many commonly used antimicrobial agents. In this article, Drs Hauser and Sriram argue that careful consi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.01.1571
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Binge eating disorder (BED) is now a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). However, post-DSM-5 patient profiles and viewpoints on BED diagnosis and treatment remain unclear. This study used a focus group methodology to examine demographic and cl...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.09.2800
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Joint space infections continue to be among the most common forms of arthritis. Diagnosis can be difficult, particularly in the presence of underlying joint disease. Septic arthritis should be suspected in all patients who present with an acutely swollen joint. Immediate joint aspiration with Gram's stain and culture ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699270
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00