The solitary pulmonary nodule. Is it malignant or benign?

abstract：:Patients presenting with typical signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis may respond to avoidance of allergens and to medications for symptomatic relief. Treatment may include antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, and/or topical nasal steroids. Patients whose symptoms are refractory to these therapeutic meas...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Stafford CT

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In developed countries, prevalence is increasing of malignancy-related secondary lymphedema, usually resulting from lymph node resection or irradiation. Untreated lymphedema usually increases over time, and the physical and psychological sequelae in even mild cases demand appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Patients ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Tunkel RS,Lachmann E

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic whose abuse is a growing problem. Historically, its effects have been considered remarkably like those of the schizophrenic state, but in vitro and in vivo neuropharmacologic data are somewhat inconsistent with the dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. The physiolog...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Beede MS

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emergency physicians are usually the first to see patients with injuries to oral and facial tissues. Because many of these patients may have life-threatening neurologic injuries, secondary oral and perioral problems may be overlooked initially. These injuries, however, have a profound potential for causing lifelong di...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Comer RW,Fitchie JG,Caughman WF,Zwemer JD

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hair analysis has important uses in screening for metal intoxication and exposure to environmental pollutants, as well as applications in forensic medicine. In addition, hair analysis has been hailed as the new "in" tool for diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases, but data to support these applicat...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Fletcher DJ

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, whether they live in the community or in long-term care facilities. Management of viral infections in older adults is complicated by factors that include the infrequency or absence of common signs and symptoms of infection and advers...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Bader MS,McKinsey DS

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged diarrhea in an adult is a serious problem; in an infant it is life threatening. Conventional therapy for intractable diarrhea of infancy, which involves use of clear liquids and gradual reintroduction of cow's milk or formula, works in most situations. However, for some infants this type of management exacer...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Lebenthal E,Rossi TM

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are three key goals in current management of the diabetic pregnancy. Normal diabetes control before conception and during the first trimester in an attempt to reduce the incidence of congenital abnormalities. This implies that all diabetic women of childbearing age should have counseling before pregnancy. Routin...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Hollander P,Maeder EC Jr

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One way to nutritionally support patients who cannot swallow is to administer formula directly into the stomach. Placing a gastrostomy tube percutaneously using endoscopy avoids the risks of general anesthesia and wound healing that accompany surgical gastrostomy. Although certain conditions (eg, sepsis, coagulation d...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： DiLorenzo J,Dalton B,Miskovitz P

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systolic dysfunction of the heart represents a state of "prerenal" azotemia, in which the excess of total body salt and water is redistributed to venous and interstitial fluid compartments. This results in a diminished effective circulating blood volume and thereby decreases tissue perfusion. The kidneys perceive the ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Riley DJ,Weir M,Bakris GL

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physicians must be alert to the possibility of abuse within the family and home. They should be well prepared to help victims begin the transition to a safer environment. An awareness of the prevalence of abuse and a high index of suspicion are the most effective clinical tools for assisting victims of domestic violen...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Steiner RP,Vansickle K,Lippmann SB

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preview Although specific vitamin deficiency syndromes are relatively rare in the United States, primary care physicians may encounter them in elderly patients and persons who consume minimal diets. Knowledge of such deficiencies is crucial in the evaluation of these patients. The authors discuss manifestations of def...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Skelton WP,Skelton NK

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) belong to the armament for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and as such, they are widely used in real life. This is a narrative review on evidence-based papers published in the English language listed in Medline between 1990 and March 2016 discussing ICS applicat...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Andreeva-Gateva PA,Stamenova E,Gatev T

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combination therapy is a cost-effective and rational approach to treatment of severe hypertension and of mild to moderate hypertension that is refractory to monotherapy. The method has several advantages, most notably improved tolerability and enhanced antihypertensive efficacy. Long-term prospective studies are neede...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Houston MC

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is currently a worldwide epidemic, and will likely only increase in prevalence in the coming years. The incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) seems to be paralleling obesity. The MetS is strongly linked to insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Boppidi H,Daram SR

更新日期：2008-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Uremic polyneuropathy occurs in about half of patients undergoing dialysis and is characterized by axonal degeneration with secondary segmental demyelination. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis halts the progress of polyneuropathy but usually does not bring improvement. However, improvement invariably occurs with suc...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Pirzada NA,Morgenlander JC

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute cardiac events involving coronary symptoms, elevated enzyme levels, and electrocardiographic changes without the development of Q waves often result in higher rates of reinfarction and unstable angina than do more severe myocardial infarctions. The incidence of these non-Q wave events is on the rise, possibly be...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Tamberella MR 3rd,Warner JG Jr

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A hepatitis B vaccine derived from the plasma of carriers of hepatitis B virus has recently become generally available in the United States. Its use is recommended in groups considered to be at high risk of hepatitis B because of their exposure to potentially infectious blood, saliva, or semen. Experience in more than...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Kutcher WL

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced illness is common in any clinical practice. The consequences of failure or delay in diagnosis--persistent or recurring illness, unnecessary diagnostic evaluation, inappropriate treatment, and future jeopardy from the drug--can be avoided by early recognition. Using descriptions of cases from his practice,...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Savett LA

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many patients who require evaluation for coronary artery disease are unable to undergo exercise stress testing because of physiologic or psychological limitations. Drs Vacek and Baldwin describe three alternative methods for assessment of cardiac function in these patients, all of which have high levels of diagnostic ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Vacek JL,Baldwin T

更新日期：1989-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cluster headache is a syndrome of severe head and facial pain accompanied by autonomic abnormalities. Men are affected more frequently than women. Headaches occur daily during periods of susceptibility, which may be followed by periods of remission. The etiology of cluster headache is uncertain. Recent work suggests t...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Marks DR,Rapoport AM

更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Among a random sample of emergency department (ED) patients, we sought to determine the extent to which reported risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is related to ever having been tested for HIV. METHODS:A random sample of patients (aged 18-64 years) from an adult, urban, northeastern United States, ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Merchant RC,Freelove SM,Langan TJ 4th,Clark MA,Mayer KH,Seage GR 3rd,DeGruttola VG

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the incidence of measles has reached record low levels in the United States, measles continues to occur in young adults. No single public health measure can ensure immunity for young adults, as school immunization laws do for young children. Therefore, to eliminate measles in this age-group, clinicians must t...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Amler RW,Orenstein WA

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Awareness of the age at which various pediatric hip disorders present and familiarity with their characteristics greatly aid in early detection. A properly performed physical examination is still the mainstay of early diagnosis. The earlier a hip disorder is discovered and treated, the less the chance of lasting harm ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Gross RH

更新日期：1984-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with dyslipidemia receive a cardiovascular benefit from lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Atorvastatin is currently one of the most effective approved medications for lowering LDL-C, and has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in many patient groups. However, even with s...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： McKenney JM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our diagnostic approach to a patient with dysphagia begins with detailed history taking and physical examination. On the basis of findings, a radiographic and/or endoscopic study of the esophagus is done. We usually have barium-swallow radiography done initially, and if the radiographs are equivocal, upper gastrointes...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Yang RD,Valenzuela JE

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prompt, thorough evaluation is needed when patients present with symptoms of renal colic, acute urinary retention, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, and other urologic emergencies. Primary care physicians have an important role in initial workup and treatment. Once the diagnosis is determined, urologic consultation may be ...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Samm BJ,Dmochowski RR

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease marked by exacerbations and remissions. It begins in early infancy and may persist into late adulthood. Flares of dermatitis may be precipitated by emotional stess, extremes or sudden changes in humidity or temperature, and other factors. Treatment consists primarily of the use o...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Kaplan RJ,Rosenberg EW

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a prevalent condition commonly observed in patients with chronic infections, cancer, trauma, and inflammatory disorders. In this article, Dr Andrews examines new research findings that enhance the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of ACD. After a brief review of iron h...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Andrews NC

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because new drugs continue to be developed, physicians treating patients with type 2 diabetes have a wide range of agents from which to choose. The newest class, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), should be a mainstay of treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes, because these agents reduce insulin resistance as we...

journal_title：Postgraduate medicine

authors： Bell DS

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00