Abstract:
:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most important inhibitory transmitter, quantitatively, in the CNS. Evidence exists that decreased GABAergic neurotransmission may play a role in some forms of epilepsy. Consequently, manipulating the GABA system may be a therapeutic possibility in the treatment of this disease. Inhibition of the major GABA degrading enzyme, GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), seems to be the most promising approach. Currently, 2 antiepileptic drugs, valproate (VPA) and vigabatrin, gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG), are available, which are supposed to inhibit the degradation of GABA. Both drugs cause an increase in the total concentration of GABA in the brain, but to a different extent. VPA produces a moderate elevation, which seems to be the result of a marked increase in the transmitter-related GABA pool, while the pronounced elevation in GABA concentration observed during treatment with GVG seems to be caused mainly by an increase in the non-transmitter-related (glial) GABA pool. In order to investigate this apparently differential influence of VPA and GVG on the GABA system, a number of studies were undertaken in selectively cultured astrocytes and neurons from mice. For both drugs neuronal GABA-T proved far more sensitive with regard to inhibition than glial GABA-T. In order to obtain a more direct measure of a potential GABAergic mechanism of action of VPA and GVG, synaptic release of endogenous GABA was determined after culturing neurons in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of the drugs. GVG caused a significant increase in GABA release, even at concentrations as low as 25 microM. For VPA only the highest of the investigated concentrations (300 microM) augmented GABA release. It is concluded that the antiepileptic effect of GVG seems to be caused by a direct GABAergic mechanism of action. For VPA an influence on the GABA system may play a role in the antiepileptic effect of the drug. However, the lack of definite data on human brain levels of VPA after chronic treatment, combined with evidence that VPA exhibits a number of other effects that may be relevant for its antiepileptic properties, makes the interpretation of a GABAergic mechanism of action difficult. Controlled clinical trials have been increasingly applied within all areas of medicine. In 1982 a survey of the literature identified 29 studies of antiepileptic drugs, where the design involved randomization, the double-blind principle and a statistical analysis of the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
Acta Neurol Scandjournal_title
Acta neurologica Scandinavicaauthors
Gram Ldoi
10.1111/j.1600-0404.1988.tb03655.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
241-70issue
4eissn
0001-6314issn
1600-0404journal_volume
78pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVES:Biomarkers with the potential for longitudinal measurements are needed in multiple sclerosis (MS). Urine is easy to collect, and repeated sampling is possible. METHODS:39 paired CSF and urine samples were taken. Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) were measured in CSF. Kappa and lambda free light chain (FLC), neopteri...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ane.12119
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Epilepsia partialis continua (Kojewnikow's syndrome) can be classified into 2 groups. The 1st group had stable neurological deficit, and the 2nd group had slowly progressive neurological deficit. The latter usually manifests not tetraplegia, but hemiplegia. We describe 3 patients with epilepsia partialis con...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00296.x
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To clarify the optimum trace count for jitter calculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Single-fiber electromyography was performed during voluntary contraction (VC-SFEMG) of extensor digitorum muscle in six healthy and five myasthenic subjects. Twenty single-fiber action potential (SFAP) pairs were recorded from e...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00120.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in human cerebrospinal fluid (SF) of patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison with non-inflammatory neurological diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS:All SFs were collected from...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1999.tb00394.x
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In this follow-up study, we wanted to present the long-term outcome (5-21 years) in terms of seizure freedom, seizure reduction, and the cognitive development in the first 47 children who underwent epilepsy surgery at the University Hospital in Lund from 1991 to 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS:All children who ...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ane.12154
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the ophthalmic artery (OA) as a collateral to the cerebral circulation in carotid occlusive disease is somewhat controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of this collateral by comparing the results of transorbital Doppler ultrasonography and regional cerebral blood flow measurements...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00012.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein (S-100) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children and adults with distinct neurological disorders were examined. A previous study from our department demonstrated age related reference values for these brain-specific pro...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb01696.x
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a predictor for Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) has been discussed from a clinical perspective. Recently, a Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned Task Force published guidelines for PD-MCI. However, long-term follow-ups of the PD-MCI guidelines for the...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ane.12375
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum and CSF from 53 vascular dementia (VD) patients and 50 controls were analysed to investigate the possibility of an intrathecal synthesis of IgG, defined as an elevated IgG index (greater than or equal to 7) and/or presence of oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but not in serum. Five (9%) patients and ...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1990.tb00955.x
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preoperative treatment with glucocorticoids in patients with an intracranial tumour has been neurosurgical practice for more than 30 years. Recently, however, a less beneficial effect in patients with a meningeoma is reported. This study included 4 patients with a glioma, 4 with a metastasis and 5 with a meningeoma. A...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00261.x
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urinary excretion of uronic acid and the electrophoretic composition of urinary glucosaminoglycans were studied in 10 members of a family, of which 3 had progressive familial myoclonus epilepsy. This seems to be the first detailed investigation of the excretion of urinary glucosaminoglycans in patients suffering f...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1975.tb05776.x
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure gait and postural stability by objective methods in spastic MS patients and to evaluate the effect of baclofen on gait and postural stability. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Fourteen spastic MS patients were examined in a placebo controlled double-blind, cross-over trial of oral baclofen treatment. The gai...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2000.101004244x./
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine whether reactivation of Epstein-Barr (EBV) or activation of the anti-EBV immune response correlates with MS disease activity on MR imaging. METHODS:Subjects with early, active relapsing-remitting MS were studied for 16 weeks with blood and saliva samples collected...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ane.12417
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness and safety/tolerability of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in patients included in the Euro-Esli study who had focal seizures associated with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Euro-Esli was a pooled analysis of 14 European clinical practice studies. Effectiveness as...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ane.13323
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The objective of this study was to describe facial myokymia in experimental animals accompanying kainic acid affects on facial motor neurons. MATERIAL & METHODS:Anesthetized cats were injected with kainic acid into the pons adjacent to the facial nucleus. Facial movements appeared shortly after the inject...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00062.x
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subjects ranging in age from 50 to 89 years old, either with or without dementia were studied by both ELISA for anti-human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) gag 100-130 antibody and by cranial CT in order to clarify the relationship between HTLV-I infection and dementia. The frequency of anti-HTLV-I antibody w...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00288.x
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether Parkinson's disease (PD) can be distinguished from multiple system atrophy (MSA) on the basis of the assessment of iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) radioactivity in heart and cardiovascular autonomic function. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Seventeen patients with MSA, 39 with PD, ...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00526.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate pain, cervical range of motion (CROM) and cognitive symptoms as predictors for poor prognosis defined as sick leave 3 years later. MATERIAL AND METHODS:In 97 patients CROM, pain intensity and cognitive symptoms were measured immediately following trauma, at 6 months and 3 years. Patients were al...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01305.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of stroke related to asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is known to be increased in high-grade or rapidly progressive stenosis. Information of the prevalence in the general population is required for the recommendation of screening methods to detect patients needing prophylactic treatment. We studied the pr...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00522.x
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alteration of amino acids in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 14 cases of Parkinson's disease, five cases of cerebellar degeneration and five cases of headache (control) was studied using high performance liquid chromatography. In patients with Parkinson's disease, it was found that the CSF level of GABA showed a s...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03249.x
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively investigated 131 consecutive cases (both in- and outpatients) of suspected dementia to evaluate the relative frequency of different types of dementia in Chinese patients. Dementia was confirmed in 110 cases (84.0%). In contrast to the Western series, vascular dementia (39.1%) was slightly more frequen...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04981.x
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Hospital admission in otherwise healthy patients following a first unprovoked seizure is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the influence of admission in a neurology department on the identification of risk factors for seizure recurrence in patients with a first unprovoked seizure. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/ane.12079
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intrathecal production (ITP) of the immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A, M and D was examined in untreated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls. Sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems were applied to the determination of IgA, IgM and IgD levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from a...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03869.x
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of intra-operative cortical EEG recordings (ECoG) were assessed in 30 patients with medically refractory complex partial seizures submitted to temporal lobectomy. Interictal spiking was most frequently recorded from mesial temporal lobe structures (amygdaloid-hippocampal region) and from the temporal neoco...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04651.x
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the effects of different colour imaging modes on the contrast-medium-enhanced image of the intracranial cerebral arteries. METHODS:Twelve healthy volunteers were studied transcranially after administration of 10 ml BY963 successively with Power Doppler (p-TCCS) and with colour Doppler frequency ima...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00225.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model is described in which transient ischemia is induced in rats anaesthetized with N2O:O2 (70:30) by bilateral carotid artery clamping combined with a lowering of mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg, the latter being achieved by bleeding, or by bleeding supplemented with administration of trimetaphan or phent...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1984.tb07822.x
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attempts were made to trace a possible retrovirus in multiple sclerosis (MS) by means of polymerase chain reaction. The primers derived from conserved sequences in the genome of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) and the amplifications were carried out at varying stringency conditions (i.a. annealing...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb08060.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Although leukoaraosis (LA) is a common CT findings, its pathogenesis remains debated: if small-artery pathology may explain in some cases white matter changes, many other factors, such as hemodynamic perturbations, might also lead to LA. To test these hypothesis, we determined the types of cerebrovascular ri...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb07044.x
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regional blood flow in the spinal cord was measured in rabbits, cats and monkeys with radioactively labelled microspheres. The reproducibility of the method was tested in rabbits by 3 consecutive determinations with differently labelled microspheres within the different cord regions, and was found to be good. In all 3...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1984.tb00828.x
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen uptake were studied during severe arterial hypoxia in anesthetized dogs. It was shown that the hypoxic vasodilatation in the brain reaches a limit at an arterial oxygen saturation at about 25% and that this vasodilatation is less than that which may be induced by hypercapnia. A ...
journal_title:Acta neurologica Scandinavica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1979.tb02948.x
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00