Abstract:
:Carcinoma of the lungs remains one of the primary causes of cancer mortality in the United States and represents a significant diagnostic challenge. Current diagnostic protocols depend substantially on cytology as an initial diagnostic modality. Pulmonary cytology can be diagnostically challenging with false positive and false negative diagnoses being relatively frequent. False positive diagnoses remain a significant problem for the cytologist with benign conditions including reactive atypia of type II pneumocytes, reactive bronchial respiratory epithelium, basal cell hyperplasia, and reactive metaplastic squamous cells being potentially misinterpreted as carcinoma. False negative diagnoses also occur usually attributable to sampling. Traditionally, cytopathologists were expected to recognize carcinoma when present and subdivide it into small cell or nonsmall cell varieties. With the advent of targeted therapy, expectations now include separation of adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, molecular testing for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements is now required as an accompaniment to morphologic diagnosis. This review summarizes the morphologic appearances of the common and diagnostically important carcinomas of the lung and discusses diagnostic pitfalls responsible for false positive and false negative diagnoses. Molecular testing for selection of targeted therapy is also reviewed.
journal_name
Diagn Cytopatholjournal_title
Diagnostic cytopathologyauthors
Witt BL,Wallander ML,Layfield LJ,Hirschowitz Sdoi
10.1002/dc.22858subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
556-63issue
6eissn
8755-1039issn
1097-0339journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The diagnosis of nodular sclerosing classical Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL) by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has historically been a diagnostic challenge due to the usual paucicellularity of the specimen. This case report, and other previously published reports, suggests that there is another facet to the potentially...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.21829
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively performed cytologic assessment and image analysis (IA) on matched nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and mammary ductoscopy (MD) specimens to determine (1) the accuracy of these methods in cancer detection and (2) whether the two collection methods provide complementary information.NAF and MD specimens were ...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.21177
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphadenomas (sebaceous and nonsebaceous types) of the salivary glands are extremely uncommon benign neoplasms. There are rare published reports of cytopathologic characteristics of "nonsebaceous lymphadenomas" of the parotid gland. We report herein, the case of an 80-year-old female who was evaluated at The Johns Ho...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.21158
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic nephromas are rare tumors of the kidney most commonly affecting boys or adult females. The fine-needle aspiration cytomorphology has not yet been described. A renal cystic mass in a 56 year old female was aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Papanicolaou stained smears of the cyst fluid revealed markedly atypic...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840080408
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as a specific marker secreted by normal and neoplastic acinar epithelial cells of the prostate gland; its detection by immunocytochemistry has been accepted as an indication of metastatic prostate cancer. This is ascribed to the commonly held belief that PSA is not found in...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199909)21:3<167::aid-dc4>3
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yolk sac tumors (YST) in extragonadal locations are rare. Cytologic diagnosis of YST on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears may be a challenge to the cytopathologist. Further neo-adjuvant therapy may be based on cytologic diagnosis making accuracy important. We studied FNA material from a hepatic mass in a pediatric p...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.20447
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to compare micronucleus assay in buccal smear of breast carcinoma patients versus normal benign cases as control group. In this prospective study, we selected a total 32 patients of carcinoma of breast and 49 patients of benign breast lesions diagnosed in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.21589
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare lymphoma that is characterized by a diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic cells resembling B immunoblasts, but shows the immunophenotype of plasma cells. PBL is most commonly seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Epstein-Barr virus (...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.21420
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of procedures for fully automated processing of liquid-based gynecologic samples has been the focus of considerable interest to the cytology laboratory. Liquid-based collection and processing technology has been shown to improve sample adequacy, resulting in an overall improvement in quality of sample ...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.10193
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the cytomorphologic features of 16 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of seminoma obtained from 16 male patients. The aspirates included two primary gonadal tumors (one occurring in a cryptorchid testis), two primary mediastinal tumors, and 12 metastases (two with unknown primaries). Analysis of the aspir...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840120409
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Confirmation of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a causative agent for a subset of biologically and clinically distinct squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) has resulted in a growing need and expectation for HPV testing of head and neck cancers. At the same time, opportunities to obtain tissue samples fo...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dc.23014
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed the Auto Cyto Fix (ACF) 1000 as an experimental model, which was adapted as a membrane filter method for automatically making smear preparations fixed with 95% ethanol. In this study, immunohistochemistry was applied to the cells smeared on the membrane filter, and effectiveness was examined. Twenty-four ...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.10041
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collagenous spherulosis of the breast is a rare incidental finding frequently associated with other benign lesions of the breast. The estimated incidence of this innocuous condition is only about 0.2% in cytological material. It is of utmost importance to differentiate collagenous spherulosis from its malignant mimics...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/dc.20632
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distinction between reactive mesothelial cells and carcinoma in pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids is often difficult. We and others previously showed that E-cadherin, an epithelial-specific adhesion protein, can be useful for this distinction. In this study we tested the sensitivity and specificity of E-...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(200005)22:5<263::aid-dc1>3
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophilic pleural effusions (EPFs), defined as the presence of 10% or more eosinophils in the pleural fluid, are relatively rare. Their diagnostic and prognostic significance, however, remains controversial, as most of the studies are based almost entirely on retrospective case studies. This prospective study exami...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.10227
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors evaluate 213 consecutive breast cancer cases with positive fine-needle aspiration cytology. Cytologic smears were reviewed and classified according to a grading system. A correlation between cytologic grading and pathological stage (T and N category) was observed. Univariate analysis of 5-yr overall surviv...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840090210
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most granulomas of the prostate are nonspecific; infectious, post-operative, and allergic lesions are much less common. Fine-needle aspiration findings in the typical case are distinctive and easily recognized. Several series have been reported, but few have included histologic follow-up. We describe three cases of gr...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840070513
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple myeloma (MM) with central nervous system (CNS) infiltration is uncommon and the diagnosis is more complicated than that of MM. Here we report two cases of CNS MM that was diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology examination. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology examination can help to detect malignant cells and immu...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.23600
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of a site of origin and direction of differentiation for metastatic neoplasms is clinically important, but is often difficult purely by cytologic analysis of aspirated material. Cytologic separation of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) from other moderate or poorly differentiated epithelial malig...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.10380
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytologic spectrum of small cell lesions of liver as diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Of 304 FNAs of liver that were performed in our institution between 1990 and 1994, 29 were classified as small-cell lesions. The final diagnoses were as follows: small-cell un...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199807)19:1<29::aid-dc6>3.
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was formalized in October 2007 by experts in thyroidology at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The first edition of the TBSRTC book was published in 2010 and the second edition in 2018. The TBSRTC is widely employed in cytology prac...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.24385
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Documenting the four molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma is significant as they determine response to therapy, disease free interval and survival. Our aim was to document the subtypes defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.23607
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Residual material from liquid-based pap (LBP) test has been used for molecular testing of Human Papilloma Virus (HR HPV) DNA. LBP test specimens (1,025) were evaluated to determine how often residual material was insufficient to perform microbiological testing. The specimens were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and N...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.20325
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of nodular lesion of the breast in a 37 year old female caused by filariasis is described. The case is instructive since the diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration cytology. ...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840080419
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnostic significance of grooved nuclei in the cytology of extrathyroid lesions is not well-described in the literature. Isolated cases of metastatic adult granulosa cell tumor, reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, recurrent renal cell carcinoma, and round cell liposarcoma were revie...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199701)16:1<57::aid-dc14>3
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Liquid-based cytology (LBC) testing induces morphologic changes due to the use of specific fixatives and preparation techniques, and the cytologies of effusions determined in this manner differ morphologically from those of conventional cytopreparation (CCP) smear methods. We compared the cytologic features ...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.24365
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported that cervical intraepithelial lesions have a more aggressive course in HIV-seropositive than in HIV-seronegative women. In the present investigation, the progression of these cervical lesions was studied in a group of HIV-seropositive women. Of 1,587 patients, 200 (12.6%) had a cytological diagnos...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0339(200102)24:2<117::aid-dc1021>3.0.
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenomyoepithelioma is an uncommon tumor of the breast which clinically presents as a discrete nodule and histologically is composed of lumenal spaces lined by a mixture of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. It has a spectrum of histologic appearances which are gradually gaining wider recognition. There are, however,...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840120311
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of a functional parathyroid carcinoma that recurred 1 year after being resected is presented. The clinical and laboratory data and the histologic structure are presented with confirmatory electron microscopy. The preoperative aspiration biopsy showed findings suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma although simulta...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.2840010312
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently identified type of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) with shorter progression-free and overall survival, higher rate of recurrence, and higher risk of leptomeningeal spread compared to pilocytic tumors (WHO grade 2 designation). A case is presented here in which intraoperative impri...
journal_title:Diagnostic cytopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/dc.23133
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00