Abstract:
:A number of new vaccines are being developed against microbial pathogens that might be used as bioweapons. For some of these vaccines, because of the lack of endemic disease and the lethal nature of the disease, human efficacy studies would not be ethical or feasible to conduct. In such cases, a regulation, known as the 'Animal Rule', can be used which allows the United States Food and Drug Administration to consider appropriate animal studies as evidence of effectiveness of a vaccine. Using this rule, pathways to licensure are being developed for new vaccines against bioweapons based on well-designed animal studies. The results of those animal protection studies together with the best scientific information available concerning immune mechanisms of protection allow protection in the animals to be bridged to effectiveness in humans, usually through the use of an appropriate immune marker.
journal_name
Curr Opin Viroljournal_title
Current opinion in virologyauthors
Burns DLdoi
10.1016/j.coviro.2012.01.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
353-6issue
3eissn
1879-6257issn
1879-6265pii
S1879-6257(12)00006-5journal_volume
2pub_type
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2014.07.005
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.07.007
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
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doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.04.006
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2013.04.001
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral proteins have enabled the design of selective and efficacious treatments for viral diseases. While focus in this area has been on viral enzymes, it appears that multifunctional viral proteins may be even more susceptible to small molecule interference. As exemplified by HIV capsid, small molecule inhibitors can ...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2014.02.002
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abstract::The last two decades have witnessed the increasing instrumentalization of viruses, which have progressively evolved into highly potent gene transfer vehicles for a wide spectrum of applications. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS), their unique gene delivery features and targeting specificities have bee...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.08.004
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::All known gammaherpesviruses encode at least one conserved tegument protein that contains sequence homology to the cellular purine biosynthesis enzyme: phosphoribosylformylglycineamide amidotransferase (FGARAT, or PFAS). While no enzymatic activity have been found on these viral FGARAT-homology proteins (vFGARAT), the...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.07.008
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abstract::Measles caused an estimated minimum of one million fatalities annually before vaccination. Outstanding progress towards controlling the virus has been made since the measles vaccine was introduced, but reduction of measles case-fatalities has stalled at around 100,000 annually for the last decade and a 2019 resurgence...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2020.02.007
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.04.005
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.06.008
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.06.012
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abstract::Lassa virus (LASV) is an emerging zoonotic virus endemic in West Africa that can cause severe haemorrhagic Lassa fever (LF) in humans. LF recently gained international attention as a prominent infectious disease, leading to increasingly severe outbreaks in Nigeria over the past three years. Morbidity and mortality ass...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.010
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abstract::Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is the most common human tumor virus, persistently infecting more than 95% of the human adult population and readily transforming human B cell in culture. Fortunately, only a small minority of EBV carriers develops virus associated malignancies. The majority controls persistent EBV infection w...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.011
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.018
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first described over 50 years ago as factors produced by cells that interfere with virus replication and promote an antiviral state. Innate and adaptive immune responses to viruses are also greatly influenced by IFN-I. In this article we discuss the diversity of cellular sources of IFN-...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.026
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.06.006
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2020.09.002
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.010
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide an increasingly important avenue for detecting known viruses, and for discovering novel viruses present in clinical or environmental samples. Several computational pipelines capable of identifying and classifying viral sequences in NGS data have been developed and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2019.07.010
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rotavirus, a cause of pediatric gastroenteritis, has a genome consisting of 11 segments of double-stranded (ds)RNA surrounded by a triple-layered protein capsid. The rotavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP1, synthesizes both dsRNA and plus-strand RNA (+RNA) within subviral particles. Structural analyses of the rota...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2014.08.008
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV) and certain strains of the rodent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) establish a state of persisting viral replication. This occurs besides strong adoptive immune responses and the induction of large numbers of acti...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.002
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2014.04.004
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of humanized mouse models in which immune deficient mice are engrafted with human tissues allows for the direct in vivo investigation of human-restricted viruses. These humanized mouse models have been developed and improved over the past 30 years. It is now possible to achieve high levels of human cell...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.06.006
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rift Valley fever virus is a mosquito-borne pathogen of livestock and humans that causes widespread and devastating outbreaks of severe and often fatal disease throughout Africa and portions of the Arabian Peninsula. Outbreaks can involve tens to hundreds of thousands of human cases, and millions of livestock. The sev...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.017
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-sought entry receptors for rubella, sindbis and respiratory syncytial viruses (RV, SV and RSV), together with the missing measles virus (MV) receptor for infection of epithelial cells, were identified in 2011. These have been major developments in the field of virus entry. In addition, 2011 was rich in new in...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.12.005
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model is described that predicts patterns of polyomavirus SV40 infections and associated cancers in humans. The model proposes that SV40 infections were established in humans primarily by exposure to contaminated oral poliovaccines and that infections persist today in geographic regions where poor sanitation or livi...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.06.004
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in the past two decades, the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from latent reservoirs constitutes a major barrier to eradication and preventing neurological disease associated with HIV/AIDS. Invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 occurs ea...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.004
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines are the gold standard for the control and prevention of infectious diseases, but a number of important human diseases remain challenging targets for vaccine development. An influenza vaccine that confers broad spectrum, long-term protection remains elusive. Several broadly neutralizing antibodies have been id...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.005
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective vaccines are the cornerstone of our defenses against acute influenza virus infections that result in ∼500 000 annual deaths worldwide. For decades, an on-going concerted effort has been to develop a universal influenza vaccine to combat the looming threat of potentially pandemic emerging and re-emerging infl...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.11.005
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positive strand RNA viruses cause membrane modifications which are microenvironments or larger intracellular compartments, also called 'viroplasms'. These compartments serve to concentrate virus and host factors needed to produce new genomes. Forming these replication sites often involves virus induced membrane synthe...
journal_title:Current opinion in virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.09.009
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00