Abstract:
:This report describes the long-term follow-up of 376 women who received NORPLANT implants in the period October 1974 through May 1979. One-hundred-and-ten subjects received replacement implants after variable lengths of use of the first set. The average levonorgestrel plasma levels declined steadily through eight years of use of NORPLANT capsules (r = -.937). Values were 0.35 ng/ml, 0.29 ng/ml and 0.22 ng/ml at treatment years 1, 5 and 8, respectively. Levonorgestrel plasma levels after replacement with a second set of implants were similar to those observed after the first insertion, either when placed in the same site as the first set or in a different area. Nineteen pregnancies occurred during 18,530 woman-months of use of the first set of implants, eleven of them during years 6 through 8 of treatment. The Pearl Index for the first 5 years of NORPLANT implants use was 0.63. No pregnancy has occurred in 4194 woman-months observed during treatment with a second set of capsules. Fifty-six women (14.9%) out of 376 acceptors of the first implant and 10 (9.1%) out of 110 acceptors of the replacement implants were terminated for other medical reasons, mainly bleeding problems and side effects commonly associated with hormonal contraception. Two women died while using NORPLANT implants, one of a cardiac arrest after surgery for a gallbladder disease and one because of endocranial hypertension originating from the rupture of an aneurism of the median cerebral artery. The bleeding pattern observed in the three months after NORPLANT capsules replacement was similar to that observed in the 90 days before replacement and different from that experienced by the same women in the first 90 days of implant use. This finding can be interpreted as an indicator of adaptive changes experienced by the target organs during long-term continuous administration of levonorgestrel. The prompt recovery of fertility after removal of NORPLANT implants suggests that these changes are reversible.
journal_name
Contraceptionjournal_title
Contraceptionauthors
Díaz S,Pavez M,Miranda P,Johansson ED,Croxatto HBdoi
10.1016/s0010-7824(87)80016-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-06-01 00:00:00pages
551-67issue
6eissn
0010-7824issn
1879-0518pii
S0010-7824(87)80016-1journal_volume
35pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验相关文献
CONTRACEPTION文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the acceptability of taking mifepristone at home for early medical abortion in the United States. STUDY DESIGN:This prospective, non-randomized, open-label study at six Planned Parenthood centers gave women with pregnancies up to 63 days' gestation seeking medical abortion the choice of taking m...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.026
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this guidance is to review the management of unacceptable vaginal bleeding patterns in etonogestrel (ENG)-releasing contraceptive implant users concentrating, where possible, on the evidence for pharmacological treatments and identifying a pragmatic approach where this is not possible. This article was deve...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.001
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since peritubular smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) have been characterized, isolated and cultured in homogeneous populations, the regulation of seminiferous epithelium contractility has received increasing attention. The present article reports and discusses experimental evidence demonstrating that: (1) PSMCs express two t...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00319-5
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zona-free hamster oocytes were used to evaluate the entry of human spermatozoa into the oocytes. Suspensions of spermatozoa, free of seminal plasma, were preincubated for varying periods in a modified Tyrode's solution under mineral oil. Zona-free hamster oocytes were prepared and added to the sperm suspension for f...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(78)90064-1
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from published studies of the quantity of medroxyprogesterone acetate and/or its metabolites in the milk of lactating women receiving Depo-Provera for contraception is extrapolated into the amount of drug ingested daily by a theoretically average infant. Comparisons are made with the results of similar studies in...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(81)90027-5
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Determining medical abortion outcome commonly includes a costly evaluation such as ultrasonography or serial serum hCG testing. Urine pregnancy testing may represent a less costly alternative. METHODS:This prospective diagnostic test evaluation study was part of a multisite randomized trial of 1080 women un...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.021
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One-hundred-thirty of 178 women who received Norplant-2 implants were followed prospectively for 4 years. Menstrual disorders were the most common reason for discontinuation. Only one patient conceived, for a failure rate of 0.6%. ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00265-7
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surveys undertaken in the 1970s and 1980s suggested that amenorrhea was unacceptable to most women, especially in developing countries. More recent research suggests that increasing numbers of women in the developed world prefer to menstruate less often. In a questionnaire survey of 1001 women attending family-plannin...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00474-2
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although weight gain is among the most common complaints of women using oral contraceptives (OC) and a frequent reason for discontinuation, studies demonstrate little basis for this perception. We explored this issue by analyzing the daily weights of 128 women during four cycles of triphasic OC use. The mean weight at...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00127-9
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of action of intrauterine devices varies from one type of device to another, although the principle of action is the same, namely, to interfere with the physiology of reproduction at the endometrial level. The biochemical changes of the endometrial tissue and the composition of the uterine fluid have bee...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(87)90058-8
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Copper T intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, effective, reversible contraceptive that is used widely worldwide but little in South Africa. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes and practices of potential IUD users and health care providers to inform strategies for expanding IUD use in South Afric...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.07.009
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of progestogen-only contraceptives by breastfeeding women raises theoretical concerns regarding possible adverse effects on breastfeeding success, and infant health or growth. This review was conducted to determine from the literature whether use of progestogen-only contraceptives by breastfeeding wo...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.02.002
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Lebanon, coitus interruptus or withdrawal remains a widely practiced method of family planning. Our research sought to understand the role of men in reproductive health in Lebanon by focusing on this common practice. Our main questions were: Why is it that the practice persists when more effective modern methods of...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00304-3
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the role of worksite characteristics, job role and abortion stigma in clinical abortion workers' occupational stress. STUDY DESIGN:We recruited nurses, medical assistants and counseling staff who provide abortion care at five hospitals and four freestanding clinics in Massachusetts. Study instrum...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.003
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparative in vitro spermicidal effects of (+)-gossypol, (-)-gossypol and (+/-)-gossypol were evaluated on the spermatozoa of human, monkey, rabbit, mouse, rat and hamster. The spermicidal effects of gossypol isomers were also compared with those of gossypolone, which is a proposed major metabolite of gossypol. G...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(84)90088-x
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this open-label, randomized study we compared the influence of a new oral contraceptive containing 30 microg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (EE + DRSP = Yasmin), with a reference preparation containing 30 microg ethinylestradiol and 150 microg desogestrel (EE + DSG = Marvelon) on the lipid profile. The prim...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.11.003
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-three homozygous (SS) female sickle cell anemic patients with a history of at least one painful crisis per month and desiring a reversible contraceptive were administered DMPA/3 months or Microgynon monthly. A third group of 16 surgically sterilized patients served as control. Patients were followed for 1 year t...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00156-x
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patient characteristics associated with adherence to dual-method contraceptive use are not known. STUDY DESIGN:Project PROTECT was a 24-month-long randomized trial designed to promote the use of dual methods of contraception using an individualized computer-based intervention or enhanced standard care couns...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.023
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emergency contraception promises to reduce Mexico's high unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion rates. Because oral contraceptives are sold over-the-counter, several emergency contraceptive regimens are already potentially available to those women who know about the method. Soon, specially packaged emergency contracep...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00088-8
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community-based distribution (CBD) programs are the optimum way of reaching people in rural areas of developing countries where conventional methods of delivery do not exist or fail. This paper reviews findings and experiences from over 30 years of efforts to implement CBD of family planning methods around the world. ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.06.059
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The study was undertaken to determine the side effects, including depression, of oral contraceptives (OCs) in adolescent girls. METHODS:We conducted a randomized trial of OCs for dysmenorrhea, which assessed side effects and depression. Seventy-six adolescents received an OC (20 microg of ethinyl estradiol/1...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.09.008
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and the acceptability of Prazosin as a male contraceptive pill. Acceptable antifertility drugs for men are proving difficult to produce, and the possibility of using pharmacological agents to block selectively or to inhibit normal sperm transport through the ma...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90008-x
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To understand knowledge, current practices, barriers and facilitators for pharmacists prescribing emergency contraception (EC). STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a cross-sectional survey among California community pharmacists. We distributed the online survey, consisting of 34 close-ended questions, to members of th...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.08.012
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In the United States, the popularity of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is low despite many positive attributes such as high effectiveness and ease of use. The requirement that a clinician remove the IUD may limit US women's interest in the method. Our objective was to describe women's experience with self-remov...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.01.025
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A five-year study of NORPLANT II rod implants was undertaken in four large cities and metropolitan areas in eastern China. Designed to test the safety, efficacy and acceptability of these implants, the study involved 1,208 women and was conducted concurrently with a similar study of NORPLANT capsule implants. At the e...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90078-7
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term effects of tolnidamine on male reproduction and general body metabolism were studied in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The study was divided into three groups of 10 animals each. The first group (A) received vehicle alone to serve as controls. The second and third groups (B and C) of animals were admin...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00031-6
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective, randomised dose-finding study involving 60 women scheduled for termination of 1st trimester pregnancy, 25 micrograms, 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms of a sulprostone gel with a constant injection volume of 2.5 ml were applied intracervically 6-8 hours before curettage. The gelatinising agent was Plu...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(85)90091-5
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation describes the synthesis of a biodegradable hydrogel composed of a core surrounded by four concentric sheaths containing dextran, copolymers of polylactide and epsilon-caprolactone. The hydrogel was impregnated with iron (II) d-gluconate dihydrate, which causes complete spermiostasis due to lipid per...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.02.015
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-hundred-eight women attending family planning clinics in New York City who received the Norplant contraceptive system during the first sixteen months of Norplant implants insertions were evaluated. Within this clinic population, Norplant implants were a popular contraceptive choice and were removed from 64 of the ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90096-5
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology and the related composition of T-type intrauterine devices (IUDs) made of gold-plated copper were studied in relation to patient complaints. The removed IUDs were examined without pretreatment by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Besides the previously found incrusta...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.03.006
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00