Abstract:
:This study of high altitude physiology was undertaken during an 11-day expedition to the Himalaya with ascent to Annapurna base camp (4,130 m) reaching it on the sixth day. Fourteen male UK residents (13 aged 16-17 years; 1 adult) measured arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and heart rate (HR) at rest and at 2 min exercise (30 cm step), daily, after arrival at each altitude. Precision was limited by availability of only one oximeter (CMS50-DLP model, Contec Medical Systems, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China). Mean HR correlated (negatively) with SaO(2) both for rest (HR = -1.7974 × SaO(2)% + 236.33, r = 0.841, p = 0.001) and exercise (HR = -0.8834 × SaO(2)% + 226.14, r = 0.711 p < 0.02). Four subjects individually showed significant HR/SaO(2) correlations at rest (nos. 10, 11, 12 and 13) and one, subject 11, in exercise. SaO2 in exercise was lower than at rest (SaO(2), exercise = 1.5835 × SaO(2), rest - 59.177, r = 0.987, p < 0.001). The product, HR × SaO(2), calculated as a surrogate for oxygen delivery (DO(2), Brierley et al., Adv Exp Med Biol 737:207-212, 2012), from mean values was approximately constant for rest, suggesting good cardiac output (CO) compensation for de-saturation. The HR × SaO(2) for exercise, however, showed a dramatic fall at the highest altitude. Since this deficit occurred at the highest altitude, following 2 days of rapid ascent, there was probably impairment of adequate oxygen delivery (DO(2)) at this point. Correlation, HR versus SaO(2) for exercise, was highly significant, with greater significance (HR = -1.798 × SaO(2) + 281.83, r = 0.769, p = 0.01) on omission of the values for the highest ascent point (4,130 m), where the reduced HR × SaO(2) occurred. In conclusion, oxygen delivery is sustained well here except where there are the extra stresses of rapid ascent and exercise.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Holdsworth L,Wolff Cdoi
10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_14subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
95-99eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
765pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effects of IABP on the contractile state of the in situ canine heart was evaluated under control conditions and conditions of regional ischemia by determining the transient slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume line, T-Emax. For comparison, the conventional index reflecting contractility, dP/dtmax and other re...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Energy consumption in the cardiac muscle is characterized by two basic phenomena: 1) The well known linear relationship between energy consumption by the sarcomere and the mechanical energy it generates, and 2) the ability to modulate the generated mechanical energy and energy consumption to the various loading condit...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5959-7_7
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in proteomic biomarker discovery and validation for psychiatric diseases is the inherent biological complexity underlying these conditions. There are also many technical issues which hinder this process such as the lack of standardization in sampling, processing and storage of bio-samples in preclini...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52479-5_9
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A basket shaped catheter carrying 64 electrodes was developed in the left ventricle (LV) of 53 pigs which had undergone induction of myocardial infarction. Pacing during sinus rhythm, or echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements as well as pathological studies revealed no significant damage due to the basket cath...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5959-7_27
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RCR of malate+glutamate oxidation of isolated rat brain mitochondria decreased with increasing duration of anoxia and it ceased completely in the 12 hour ischemic group. After one hour of ischemic anoxia neither the respiration of mitochondria nor their morphology altered irreversibly. There is a strong correlatio...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3273-2_20
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In studies designed to determine the respective functional roles of two bulbospinal monoaminergic pathways to sympathetic preganglionic neurons, both L-dopa and precursors of 5-HT depressed transmission through excitatory spinal reflex and bulbospinal sympathetic pathways. Transmission through spinal reflex pathways w...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2511-6_13
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CD1 system is composed of five types of human CD1 proteins, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, and their mammalian orthologs. Each type of CD1 protein has a distinct antigen binding groove and shows differing patterns of expression within cells and in different tissues. Here we review the molecular mechanisms by wh...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_10
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::These studies with wild-type and mutant cells defective in IMP dehydrogenase and the previous data with the adenylosuccinate synthetase-deficient cell line suggest that among the clinical population with dominantly inherited hyperuricemia, patients with partial deficiencies in these enzymes exist. It is hoped that the...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4553-4_74
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a direct correlation between the level of GBS beta-hemolysin expression and the ability of GBS to injury lung epithelial cells. Electron microscopy suggest the hemolysin acts as a pore-forming cytolysin. beta-hemolysin-associated lung epithelial cell injury is inhibited by surfactant phospholipid, a substance...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_146
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to heavily methylated mammalian genomes, invertebrate genomes are only sparsely methylated in a 'mosaic' fashion with the majority of methylated CpG dinucleotides found across gene bodies. Importantly, this gene body methylation is frequently associated with active transcription, and studies in the honeybe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_9
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to develop a non-dimensional approach towards the description of interaction between the three respiratory stimuli of hypoxia, hypercapnia and exercise and to use this approach to quantify the relative strengths of their interactions. Only a part of the study related to the overall intera...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_43
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medium from cultured optic tectum of the goldfish intact or at various days after optic nerve crush, or the co-culture of this optic tectum with post-crush goldfish retinal explants plating in the absence of fetal calf serum, but in the presence of glucose, modulate its outgrowth. The a dition of taurine did not f...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33504-9_49
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single protein is often capable of binding with many partners, enabling potential effects on either protein, such as modifying its expression or activity. However, due to the complex nature of in vivo systems, it is often difficult to perform nontargeted assays with a protein of interest. Methods in discovery proteo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52479-5_19
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a comprehensive application with three features to diagnose common and rare diseases and to optimize health and vitality of the user with the help of broad databases and state-of-the-art technologies. The features comprise: 1. A digital blood analysis for optimizing the patient's metabolism and he...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_32
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide (nt) sequence of 1.7 kbp cDNA representing the 3' end of the PEDV genome has been determined. Viral RNA was reverse transcribed and the cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers. The sequences of the primers were based on conserved regions of coronaviral genomes. A 1323 nt...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2996-5_8
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biobanking of human biological specimens has evolved from the simple private collection of often poorly annotated residual clinical specimens, to well annotated and organized collections setup by commercial and not-for-profit organizations. The activities of biobanks is now the focus of international and government ag...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20579-3_2
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is an ubiquitous and major mechanism for Ca(2+) influx in mammalian cells with important physiological relevance. Since the discovery of SOCE in 1986 both, the mechanism that communicates the amount of Ca(2+) accumulated in the intracellular Ca(2+) stores to the plasma membrane chann...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_15
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical need for effective bone regeneration remains in huge demands. Although autologous and allogeneic bone grafts are generally considered "gold standard" treatments for bone defects, these approaches may result in various complications. Furthermore, safety considerations of gene- and cell-based therapies requ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3262-7_7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipoproteins play a key role in regulating plasma and tissue levels of cholesterol. Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serve as carriers of triglycerides and cholesterol and deliver these metabolites to periphe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_22
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feedback from muscle afferents is essential for locomotion to be functional under changing external conditions. In this article, we review the role of afferent feedback in adapting locomotor activity to transient and more sustained changes in sensory input in reduced and walking cat preparations. Much of the work on m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_40
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-type Ca(2+) channels are a distinct family of low voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels which serve many roles in different tissues. Several studies have implicated them, for example, in the adaptive responses to chronic hypoxia in the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) was more recently disc...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_40
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical importance of high density lipoproteins has grown in recent years with demonstrations of their impact on diverse pathological mechanisms implicated not only in vascular disease, but also in other physiological systems. This is related to the multiple functions associated with high-density lipoproteins (HD...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_3
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 12 years, since the first description of C. elegans germ cell apoptosis, this area of research rapidly expanded. It became evident that multiple genetic pathways lead to the apoptotic demise of germ cells. We are only beginning to understand how these pathways that all require the CED-9/Bcl-2, Apaf-1/CED-4...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4015-4_9
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A long term culture of aortic medial cells, derived from newborn pig aorta, has been established. The ability of these cells to synthesize soluble elastin has been demonstrated by isolation and characterization of the radioactively labeled protein, using soluble elastin of copper-deficient pig aorta as the carrier. Th...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-9093-0_35
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with both environmental and genetic factors influencing disease risk. Genome-wide case-control association studies, candidate gene analyses, and epidemiological studies reinforced the notion that AMD is predominantly a disease of an impaired complement system...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_30
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic nonspecific low back pain is a frequent clinical condition affecting the general population and influencing disability level and quality of life. We performed a single-blinded, randomized, and controlled study to compare the effectiveness of manual pressure release (MPR) and electrical neuromodulation (ENM) tr...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2020_605
更新日期:2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::1) An extract of D. carrota induces agglutination of most serotypes of S. mutans but not of S. salivarius or S. mitis. 2) If added to a suspension of mixed bacteria, a piece of D. carrota may selectively sorb S. mutans while S. salivarius and S. mitis only are affected to a minor degree. 3) A saliva coat on the bacter...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3369-2_37
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy delivery using viral vectors has demonstrated efficient transfection but has safety issues. The need for safer yet effective delivery systems has led to the active development of non-viral techniques. In this chapter, we will discuss two evolving techniques - sonoporation with microbubble contrast agents ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_12
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphotropic retroviral vectors containing either the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene or a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR*) were used to infect canine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Successful transfer and expression of both genes in canine hematopoietic progenitor cells has been achieved as meas...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5571-7_3
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intratumoral hypoxia is prevalent in many solid tumors and is a marker of poor clinical prognosis in prostate cancer. The presence of hypoxia is associated with increased chromosomal instability, gene amplification, downregulation of DNA damage repair pathways, and altered sensitivity to agents that damage DNA. These ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_9
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00