Abstract：
:The purpose of this study was to develop a non-dimensional approach towards the description of interaction between the three respiratory stimuli of hypoxia, hypercapnia and exercise and to use this approach to quantify the relative strengths of their interactions. Only a part of the study related to the overall interaction of the three stimuli is presented here. Nine volunteers took part in the study and their ventilatory responses to hypoxia were measured under four different conditions of rest-eucapnia, rest-hypercapnia, exercise-eucapnia and exercise-hypercapnia. Non-dimensional linear functions of hypercapnia (x), hypoxia (y) and exercise (z) were defined such that a value of one would double the resting ventilation. Non-dimensional ventilation v was derived as: v(x,y,z) = 1+ x + y + z + g1xy + g2xz + g3yz + g4xyz, where g1, g2, g3 and g4 provide non-dimensional measures of the strength of stimulus interaction. These interactions were calculated from the parameters obtained by fitting simple respiratory models to the data. The values for g1, g3 and g4 were significantly different from zero (p < 0.05, t-test). An intriguing result of this study is the overall negative interaction of the three stimuli, which may suggest that the linear, stimulus-response models commonly used to describe respiratory data may not be adequate for describing these complex interactions.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Wood HE,Fatemian M,Robbins PAdoi
10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_43subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
245-8eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
605pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The renal alterations induced by alkali-treated protein and lysinoalanine are reviewed and their biological implications discussed. Alkali-treated proteins and lysinoalanine, an unusual amino acid formed in proteins during alkali treatment, have been shown to produce a renal alteration characterized by nuclear and cyt...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-9113-6_2
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we propose a model of a peripheral axon with a great deal of autonomy from its cell body-the autonomous axon-but with a substantial dependence on its ensheathing Schwann cell (SC), the axon-SC unit. We review evidence in several fields and show that (i) axons can extend sprouts and grow without the concurrence of...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_9
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstract Of diverse growth factors that contribute to normal lung development, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an especially prominent role in the normal growth and development of the pulmonary circulation in the fetus and newborn. Strong experimental and clinical data support the role of impaired VEGF...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-60761-500-2_21
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The compressive mechanical properties of freeze-dried green beans show a pronounced decrease in rigidity when moisture content and/or temperature are increased. There exist several temperature and moisture combinations which give common values for mechanical properties. These combinations also give a common compressiv...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0664-9_40
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their cognate receptors, FGF receptors (FGFRs), play critical roles in a variety of normal developmental and physiological processes. Numerous reports support a role for deregulation of FGF-FGFR signaling, whether it is at the ligand and/or receptor level, in tumor development and ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_12
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The analysis of different Wavelets including novel Wavelet families based on atomic functions are presented, especially for ultrasound (US) and mammography (MG) images compression. This way we are able to determine with what type of filters Wavelet works better in compression of such images. Key properties: Frequency ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_50
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, the studies reviewed here have indicated which neural functions might be directly influenced by the nucleus basalis. Basalis neurons do not appear to be directly involved in trial-specific memory because, in memory tasks, they have non-differential responses that do not correspond to the information being ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_12
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jørgensen and Dau (J Acoust Soc Am 130:1475-1487, 2011) proposed the speech-based envelope power spectrum model (sEPSM) in an attempt to overcome the limitations of the classical speech transmission index (STI) and speech intelligibility index (SII) in conditions with nonlinearly processed speech. Instead of consideri...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_38
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Primo Vascular System (PVS) is new to most scientists despite that it was discovered in the 1960s by Bonghan Kim. Out of the many physiological functions reported, one of the most important PVS functions appears to be its role in the regeneration via a small (~1 μm) subcellular body called 'sanal.' According to Ki...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_66
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteomics is a mass spectrometry-based discipline that aims to analyze proteomes and their functions. Many proteomic studies require well-developed protein databases for reference. However, most proteomes are not well-annotated, aside from model organisms. Techniques like six-frame translation, ab initio gene predict...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_22
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the U.S and results in the loss of approximately one million lives and more than 400 billion U.S. dollars for treatments every year. Recently, tissue engineered blood vessels have been studied and developed as promising replacements for treatment with autologo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_8
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acidification of endocytic compartments occurs within 2-3 minutes following internalization. In CHO cells, three kinetically and morphologically distinct endocytic or recycling compartments can be identified. Measurements of the pH in these compartments show that the acidity of the compartments is regulated independen...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5442-0_16
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sensory basis upon which judgments of force are made during fatiguing isometric contractions is reviewed. At issue is whether the perception of force is based on centrally generated sensations arising from the motor command, known as the sense of effort, or from peripheral sensations originating in the muscle, and...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-1016-5_24
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A thorough understanding of the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems and the resulting activation of signal transduction pathways is essential for the development of safe and consumer friendly nanotechnology. Here we present an overview of signaling pathways induced by nanomaterial exposures and descr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_7
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nurses are a pivotal component of the translational research movement and apply scientific discoveries to the healthcare and clinical practice fields. Biobanking is also an important factor in furthering translational research by providing biospecimens and related clinical data to the research community. The effective...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-20579-3_12
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism which is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to cellular stress. Autophagy has been conserved from yeast to humans as a quality control process that is involved in the recognition and turnover of damaged proteins and organelles. It is also a respo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-1680-7_11
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection by an attenuated replication-competent murine retrovirus (Friend leukemia virus-FLV4), but not other non-transforming retroviruses, stimulated rejection of transplantable thymomas (RL-cell line) and subsequent tumor immunity in syngeneic mouse recipients. FLV-infected RL-cells (RL-FLV) were unaltered in thei...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-5421-6_17
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual system consists of various types of neurons and a single-nucleotide mutation can sometimes lead to blindness. The phototransduction pathway in the retina starts from the first-order neurons, the photoreceptor cells, and transmits the signals to second-order neurons. Finally, the output signal from third-ord...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_37
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium (Ca2+) accumulation inside mitochondria represents a pleiotropic signal controlling a wide range of cellular functions, including key metabolic pathways and life/death decisions. This phenomenon has been first described in the 1960s, but the identity of the molecules controlling this process remained a mystery...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_2
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The secretion of Yops via the Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS) is controlled, in part, by a cytoplasmic YopN/TyeA complex. This complex is required to prevent Yop secretion in the presence of extracellular calcium and prior to contact between the bacterium and a eukaryotic cell. In this study we utilized site...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-72124-8_21
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The traditional method for documenting and quantifying geographic atrophy (GA) is color photography. This method has been shown to be reproducible in several clinical trials, including the Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and the natural progression of GA studies by Sunness et al. (AREDS No. 6, Am J Ophthalmol 13...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_45
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Initial attempts to model urinary folate reabsorption using cultures of HPT cells on porous filter inserts produced disappointing results in that large amounts of 5M were transported across the epithelial monolayer in a nonspecific manner. Since the impermeable molecule inulin was also transported, there apparently ex...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_155
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed CD95(Fas/APO-1) antigen expression on bone marrow blasts in 38 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving a treatment in the Department of Leukaemias at the Cancer Research Center in 1987-1989 years (n = 22) and in 1994-1997 years (n = 16). CD95 antigen expression was studied by monoclonal ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_27
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the major connexin protein in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Six Cx43 proteins assemble into so-called hemichannels at the sarcolemma and opposing hemichannels form gap junctions, which allow the passage of small molecules and electrical current flow between adjacent cells. Apart from its localizati...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_12
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Juvenile arthritis implies an onset of disease under 16 years with arthritis persisting in one or more joints for at least six weeks, and with the active exclusion of well defined illnesses, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Prognosis implies the ability to predict outcome. Its accuracy depends on many factors wit...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_5
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Initially developed in the mid-1990s to examine the conformational changes of the canonical Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel, functional site-directed fluorometry has since been expanded to numerous other voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels as well as transporters, pumps, and other integral membrane prot...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-2845-3_4
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance is best thought of as an ongoing biological process. Resistant bacteria must emerge, become established and ultimately transmit in order to be relevant to human health. In this context, genetic diversity can influence the rate and likelihood of resistance emerging; it can also modulate the net physiolo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_14
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most commonly used methods to study the mechanisms of hypocholesterolemic action of therapeutic agents generally determine the turnover of total (exchangeable) cholesterol pools in the body. This approach is based on the view that whatever increases the total load of cholesterol in the body will increase the level...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-0967-3_19
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flavins are highly concentrated in the retina; likely because they are involved as cofactors in energy metabolism and photoreceptors have an extremely high metabolic rate. How this concentration is established is currently unknown, but photoreceptor specific proteins may exist that shuttle flavins to flavoproteins, wh...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_85
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since many decades, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSCs) is the most common malignancy worldwide. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the major types of NMSCs, representing approximately 70% and 25% of these neoplasias, respectively. Because of their continuously rising incidence rates, NMSCs...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_9
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
