Abstract:
:Juvenile arthritis implies an onset of disease under 16 years with arthritis persisting in one or more joints for at least six weeks, and with the active exclusion of well defined illnesses, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Prognosis implies the ability to predict outcome. Its accuracy depends on many factors with early recognition and appropriate care being important. However, response to treatment may be variable. In general, those with involvement of a few joints do better than those with systemic disease or seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis both with regard to persistence of disease activity and complications. These include not just joint deformities, but osteoporosis, amyloidosis, alterations in growth with overall failure and local anomalies, chronic iridocyclitis and psychosocial problems. More aggressive therapy was only introduced in the 1990's, so it is important that multicentre studies are properly assessed in the context of the suggested International diagnostic criteria. One hundred years ago, George Fredric Still drew attention to the systemic form of the disease as distinct from pure polyarthritis [1], but it was only in the 1970s, as follow-up proceeded, that the separate identity of variants became clinically evident [2]. At the Park City meeting [3] and at the EULAR meeting in 1977 [4] when three subgroups (notably systemic, polyarthritis and pauci-articular onset) were defined, that subclassification became regularly used. However, since there were no absolute diagnostic tests there had to be exclusions. At that time the most common medications were aspirin and corticosteroids, although a few patients received gold or penicillamine. In their large group Wallace and Levinson (1990) [5] found that at the 10 year follow-up between 31% and 55% still had active disease. Girls appeared to have a five-fold greater risk for persistent activity than boys; disease duration was probably the most important factor influencing disease activity at follow-up as suggested previously [6]. It was not until the 1990's that the more aggressive therapy in the form of methotrexate--which Giannini had shown to be effective when given in appropriate dosage [7]--and sulphasalazine [8] and the long acting local corticosteroid triamcinolone hexatonide became regularly employed [9, 10]. At the ILAR Meeting in 1993 an international task force was set up under the chairmanship of Dr. C. Fink [11] to develop a classification for the idiopathic arthritides in children, defining childhood as up to 16 years of age. Active exclusion of well-recognised disorders such as rheumatic fever or systemic lupus erythematosus, still had to be made. The first proposed types, which are mutually exclusive, are shown in Table 1. A more recent meeting in Durban under the chairmanship of Dr. R. Petty is yet to be published, but considerable advances have been made, particularly in the definition of subgroups.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Ansell BMdoi
10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
27-33eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
455pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A great deal of investigations have verified that diabetic male reproductive impairment is associated with the dysfunction of testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis resulted from insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. It has been identified taurine is profitable for diabetes mellitus a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_62
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using bioconjugated dye-doped silica nanoparticles (NPs), we have developed a bioassay for the accurate determination of a single bacterial cell within 20 minutes without any signal amplification or sample enrichment. The antibody-conjugated NPs can specifically and quantitatively detect bacteria, such as Escherichia ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76713-0_10
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, despite the many uncertainties regarding mode of action, these results have established that the soluble dietary fibre from oats, mainly (1----3)(1----4)-beta-D-glucan, is physiologically active in a fashion similar to guar gum. Extraction processes reduce the molecular size of the beta-glucan relative to ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5784-1_11
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oral microbiota represents an important part of the human microbiota, and includes several hundred to several thousand diverse species. It is a normal part of the oral cavity and has an important function to protect against colonization of extrinsic bacteria which could affect systemic health. On the other hand, t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_4
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans with mutations in the phototransduction pathway develop forms of retinal degeneration, such as retinitis pigmentosa, cone dystrophy, or Leber congenital amaurosis. Similarly, numerous phototransduction mutant animal models resemble retinal degeneration. In our lab, using a zebrafish model, we study cone-specifi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_40
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visual system consists of various types of neurons and a single-nucleotide mutation can sometimes lead to blindness. The phototransduction pathway in the retina starts from the first-order neurons, the photoreceptor cells, and transmits the signals to second-order neurons. Finally, the output signal from third-ord...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_37
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review results about the structure of administration of chemotherapeutic anti-cancer treatment that we have obtained from an analysis of minimally parameterized mathematical models using methods of optimal control. This is a branch of continuous-time optimization that studies the minimization of a performance crite...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42023-3_11
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver alcohol dehydrogenase is shown to catalyze dehydrogenation, dismutation and esterolysis. These multifunctional activities were found to associate with all isozymes. The reversible dehydrogenation of alcohols takes place via a random mechanism with a pathway for the formation of enzyme-NADH-alcohol complex which ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_17
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is characterized histologically by necrotizing granulomatous angitis that most commonly involves the upper, lower respiratory tract and kidneys, but may affect any organ system. Otolaryngological manifestations are frequent and diverse but subglottic stenosis and tracheal stenosis are les...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4546-9_28
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assessment of resistance to drug moieties in tissue culture is complicated by limited sample, clonal selection and alteration of cycling fraction and cycle duration in clonally mixed lesions. DNA damage assessment by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) of excised DNA is limited by non-linear analysis in f...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_57
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids affect the developing and mature cardiovascular system in profound and, at times, contradictory ways. The glucocorticoid receptor is ubiquitous in most cell types and conserved across species, highlighting its importance in development and homeostasis. Despite the fact that the glucocorticoid receptor ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2895-8_13
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumors consists of subpopulation of cells in which each subtype has contributes to tumor progression. Specifically one subtype known as cancer stem cells are associated with the initiation, progression, resistance to conventional therapies and metastasis. Metastasis is leading cause of cancer related deaths. Overall i...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2018_279
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper develops an analysis of the interaction between circulatory convective and tissue diffusive O2 transport that explains how VO2 max is set by the integrated response to each and every step in the O2 transport chain from atmosphere to mitochondria. We suggest that it is not useful to search for "the" rate lim...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5481-9_22
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygenation of a tumor is one of the most important predictive factors: hypoxia is associated with aggressive tumors and substantially lower survival rate. Despite this high relevance of tumor oxygenation, there is currently no bedside technique available to measure it in clinical routine care. The aim of this work is...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_26
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3) appears to be an excellent model for the study of the relationship between viral-induced immunodeficiency and the development of chronic disease. Animal surviving acute hepatitis develop a chronic disease characterized by viral persistency in various organs, by a humoral immunodefic...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_33
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The decrease in adiponectin levels are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers in obesity. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expre...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_18
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli is one of the most-studied species of bacteria due to its frequent incidence in diverse environments and hosts, as well as its use as a tool in molecular biology. Most E. coli strains are commensal, in that they colonize the host without causing disease; however, some strains of E. coli are pathogens ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_9
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of secretory IgA was followed in saliva of 263 children from birth to age 5, and in cross sectional studies of Australian school children and Papua New Guinea highland children from birth to age 5. Salivary IgA first appeared after the first week of life, peaking at 6 weeks, and falling again at 12 wee...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_9
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess whether the dipeptide N-epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine (glutamyl-lysine) can serve as a nutritional source of lysine, we compared the growth of mice fed (a) an amino acid diet in which lysine was replaced by six dietary levels of glutamyl-lysine; (b) wheat gluten diets fortified with lysine; (c) a wheat...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2626-5_30
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central function of renal glomeruli is plasma ultrafiltration for primary urine production. The glomerular filtration barrier consists of a fenestrated endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes, mesenchymal-like cells with actin filament-rich protrusions, the "foot processes." Their architecture ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-4-431-56550-5_20
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solid phase fixed peptides are useful tools for the investigation of enzyme substrate interactions. We could show that interactions of target sequences, like e.g. the acceptor domain of G-proteins for the of mono ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin and the toxin itself can be studied by this method. Reaction specifici...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8632-0_10
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatorenal tyrosinaemia (HT1) is a serious condition that used to be fatal before the advent of nitisinone (NTBC, Orfadine®) as a therapeutic option. We have recently shown that selective screening is inadequate as initial symptoms are often uncharacteristic which leads to a considerable delay in diagnosis and treatm...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55780-9_11
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review covers recent advances in a variety of dyskinesias. Introduction of new drugs for the treatment of myoclonus and sensory biofeedback therapy for focal dystonia are expanding our concepts of these types of movement disorders. Progress in the treatment of action myoclonus is especially noteworthy and has led...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2511-6_7
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha E beta 7 (αEβ7) is an α-I domain-containing integrin that is highly expressed by a variety of leukocyte populations at mucosal sites including intraepithelial T cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and T regulatory cells (Treg). Expression depends largely or solely on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isofo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_7
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) is a mitochondrial disease caused by one or more mutations of tRNA(Leu(UUR)). These mutations reduce both the aminoacylation of tRNA(Leu(UUR)) and a posttranslational modification in the wobble position of tRNA(Leu(UUR)). Both ch...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6093-0_16
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the mechanisms of power enhancement during counter-movement exercise, in vivo muscle fibre behavior during plantar flexion exercise was estimated by real time ultrasonography. Six healthy male subjects were requested to perform ankle plantar flexion exercise with counter-movement (CM, plantar flexion preced...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_57
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Notch signaling pathway is a critical component of vascular formation and morphogenesis in both development and disease. Compelling evidence indicates that Notch signaling is required for the induction of arterial-cell fate during development and for the selection of endothelial tip and stalk cells during sproutin...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0899-4_16
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metformin is a safe, effective and useful drug for glucose management in patients with diabetes. However in recent years, more attention has been paid to the possibility of using metformin as an anti-aging drug. It was shown to significantly increase the lifespan in some model organisms and delay the onset of age-asso...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_13
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious bacterial pathogen that replicates in a specialized vacuole inside eukaryotic cells. Due to a prolonged growth cycle, Coxiella continuously manipulates cellular processes to generate this parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and promote host cell viability. Here, we discuss recent find...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4315-1_7
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitor has been successfully applied in treatment for multiple cancer types, especially for patients at advanced stage. However, response rate of this promising therapy is low, thus requiring biomarkers for precise medication to reduce the ineffective treatment. With multiple retrospec...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00