Abstract:
:Deaths related to pregnancy were relatively common in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century. A dramatic reduction of 99% in maternal mortality rate, from 850.0-7.5 per 100,000 live births from 1900-1982, is 1 of the most noteworthy public health success stories of the time period. This plateau continued until the late 1990s when the maternal mortality rate began to rise again. The reasons for this increase are unclear. Vital statistics data alone cannot answer the many questions surrounding this increase. The need for detailed and reliable information about causes of death and underlying factors has led to the development of state- and urban-based maternal death reviews. Although processes may vary, an expert panel is convened to review individual cases and make recommendations for systems change. Review of maternal deaths is considered to be a core public health function. There are multiple purposes for this article. The first goal is to highlight the components of a maternal mortality review. The second goal is to provide an example for new review committees. A mock case of cardiomyopathy is used to illustrate both the process and development of actionable recommendations for clinical intervention. Recommendations to address community- and system-level contributing factors and the social determinants of health are discussed. The third goal is to educate providers regarding presentation and management of cardiomyopathy. Fourth, it is hoped that policymakers in the area of maternal health and facilities that review maternal morbidity and mortality rates at the institutional level will find the article useful as well. Finally, the article provides facility-level committees with a process example for review of the circumstances of maternal deaths beyond clinical factors so that they may make recommendations to address nonclinical contributors to pregnancy-related deaths. Documenting both clinical and nonclinical contributors to maternal death are critical to influence public opinion, develop coalitions for collective impact, and engage at risk populations in proposing interventions.
journal_name
Am J Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
American journal of obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Shellhaas CS,Zaharatos J,Clayton L,Hameed ABdoi
10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.211subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
1-8issue
1eissn
0002-9378issn
1097-6868pii
S0002-9378(19)30241-8journal_volume
221pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine stillbirth risk factors and gestational age at delivery in a prospective developing country birth cohort. STUDY DESIGN:At 20-26 weeks of gestation, 1369 Pakistani women were prospectively enrolled in the study; the gestational age was determined by ultrasound evalua...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.07.012
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Disorders that lead to preterm delivery influence the fetal inflammatory response. STUDY DESIGN:We calculated odds ratios of elevated concentrations of 25 blood proteins on the first postnatal day in 798 infants born before the 28th week and classified by the pregnancy disorder that lead to preterm delivery....
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.010
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of providing a cervical screening facility to the underprivileged communities through an educational program and a mobile clinic in which cytologic smears could be taken, screened immediately, and, when appropriate, the patients treated on site with minimal delay. ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70327-7
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between gestational age and outcomes of outborn versus inborn preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN:Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine gestational age-specific, risk-adjusted outcomes of 2962 singleton infants who were born at <32 ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mob.2003.139
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on epidemiologic data, women who take oral contraceptives seem to have an increased risk of developing thromboembolic disease. In order to explain this association, some studies have been undertaken to find abnormalities in the hemostasis system. Many conflicting test results have been reported, probably reflect...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32489-9
更新日期:1982-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to characterize reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) in pregnant women who received seasonal influenza vaccines to assess for potential vaccine safety concerns. STUDY DESIGN:We searched VAERS for reports of adverse events (AEs) in pregnant women who rec...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.050
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We have investigated the use of uterine artery Doppler waveform analysis in growth restricted fetuses delivered at > or =34 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:Included in the study were all consecutive euploid non-malformed singleton fetuses with accurate dating diagnosed as growth restricted (sonographic abdominal circumf...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127137
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of preemptive analgesia at pain control in women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. DATA SOURCES:Eligible studies, published through May 31, 2016, were retrieved through Medline, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, and Cochran...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.03.013
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a 40 year period 374 patients with infiltrative carcinoma of the vulva were evaluated. Some form of radical surgery was the treatment chosen for 278 patients. The absolute 5 year survival rates for all clinical stages treated with some form of radical surgery was 66.8 per cent with a corrected rate of 73.9 per ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33392-0
更新日期:1976-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-three women, primigravidas and multigravidas, received 1.0 mg PGE2 tablets hourly for 5 doses the evening prior to scheduled induction of term labor to improve cervical ripeness. The over-all response to treatment depended upon the initial cervical score. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred infrequently and...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(79)90736-1
更新日期:1979-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. A number of criteria have been developed for clinical diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome, with the Rotterdam criteria being the most inclusive. Evidence suggests that polycystic ovary syndrome is signific...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.004
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A controlled trial of fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in a low-risk obstetric population was carried out in 989 patients at the Mercy Maternity Hospital and Queen Victoria Medical Centre. The use of monitoring failed to demonstrate any improvement in perinatal outcome. Monitoring was associated with an increased int...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)33273-7
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a 10-year period 12,643 gynecologic surgical procedures were performed with the patients under general anesthesia. Succinylcholine was the muscle relaxant used in the majority of cases. Four of these patients developed prolonged postoperative apnea; the longest period of apnea was 6 hours. In one patient atypical...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(82)90680-9
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1977 to 1981, 39 cases of primary cervical carcinoma were assayed for the presence or absence of cytoplasmic estrogen (ERc) and progesterone (PRc) receptors by a saturation point dextran-coated charcoal assay. The levels of ERc and PRc were compared with clinical stage, histologic type, histologic grade, menstrua...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)90752-4
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our present knowledge of the role of sex steroids in the development as well as the prevention of endometrial cancer is reviewed. Factors which increase the exposure of the uterus to unopposed estrogens, either exogenous or endogenous, are associated with increased risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma. However, there is...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)91014-1
更新日期:1983-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We sought to assess the concurrent validity and interrater reliability of the cotton-tipped applicator (CTA) test as a screening tool for diagnosis of cutaneous allodynia in patients with viscerally related chronic pelvic pain (CPP). STUDY DESIGN:We performed a prospective cohort comparative observational st...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.005
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We studied the effect of long-term heparin treatment on bone mass during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:Thromboprophylaxis with heparin was given to 39 women during pregnancy for a mean of 28 weeks and for an average of 6 weeks post partum. Bone mineral density measured with single-photon absorptiometry of the dist...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70149-0
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the use of episiotomy and the frequency of perineal lacerations in a primary care maternity center staffed by certified nurse midwives (Booth Maternity Center) and a tertiary care teaching hospital where deliveries were performed by physicians (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital). The study sampl...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(89)90158-0
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancervicovaginal (Papanicolaou) smears exhibiting pseudomycilial-like clumps of organisms obtained from 35 women employing IUD's were studied by direct immunofluorescent technique for identification of A. israelii and A. naeslundi. In every case the specific fluorescence was achieved with species-specific antiserum a...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90604-x
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Placental insufficiency is a primary cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In our study, microarray technology was used to identify genes, which may impair placentation resulting in IUGR. STUDY DESIGN:The RNA was isolated from both IUGR term placentas and normal term placentas. Microarray experime...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.027
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the role of cervical ultrasonography in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in triplet gestations and to compare various ultrasonographic cervical parameters with respect to predictive ability. STUDY DESIGN:This prospective cohort study included 51 triplet gestatio...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mob.2000.108875
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We first performed a vaginosonic scan and then determined the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) concentration (Second International Standard) in 52 women at an early gestational age to establish criteria for the earliest possible identification of an intrauterine pregnancy by this new ultrasound technique....
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(88)90039-7
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:During early pregnancy fetal cytotrophoblast cells invade the uterus and penetrate the basement membrane, a property that is characteristic of malignant cells. However, unlike tumor invasion, trophoblast invasion of the uterus is under strict control. This control limits invasion, so that it primarily remains...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(94)90107-4
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Maternal floor infarction of the placenta is characterized by gross placental abnormalities and histologic evidence of X-cell proliferation. Previously, pregnancy-associated major basic protein has been localized to the placental X cell and identified at elevated levels in serum and amniotic fluid in all norm...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91716-5
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Many women with urinary incontinence (UI) have symptoms that continue over many years; however, virtually nothing is known about factors that are associated with persistent UI. STUDY DESIGN:We studied 36,843 participants of the Nurses' Health Study, aged 54-79 years at baseline for the UI study, who provided...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.002
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to compare different management strategies for women at risk for cervical incompetence. STUDY DESIGN:In an ongoing randomized trial patients with a previous preterm delivery at <34 weeks' gestation who met clinical criteria for the diagnosis of cervical incompetence are alloca...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1067/mob.2000.108874
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum toxin A is the newest therapy for the treatment of a variety of medical disorders caused by abnormalities of muscle activity. After successful use in other medical subspecialties, the newest applications of this potent neurotoxin are within the lower urinary tract. The toxin has evolved from a cause of fatal...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.03.108
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of vaginal fetal fibronectin as a screening test for spontaneous preterm birth in patients with cervical cerclage. STUDY DESIGN:A historic cohort of 117 patients who underwent cervical cerclage placement between 1996 and 2002 were identified. All patients ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00656-2
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between maternal vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and differences in the placental production of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP24A, and CYP27B1. STUDY DESIGN:Forty normal pregnant women and 20 women with GDM were included in this ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.08.015
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in breast and bladder cancer have suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor is expressed by only a proportion of cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcome. We used a monoclonal antibody specifically reactive with the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor to loca...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)80044-x
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00