Abstract：
:Our understanding of the responses of men and women to cold stress is extremely limited. Various scientists have suggested that there could be gender differences in thermoregulatory responses due to sexual dimorphism in body fatness and its distribution, in body surface area, and in mass. In addition, there are also several lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that there are gender-specific physiological responses to body cooling. In cold water studies, women cool more rapidly than men when at rest; this potentially greater stimulus does not result in a greater metabolic response by the women. If both groups increase their metabolism by performing a prescribed amount of exercise, there are no differences in body cooling. However, if they exercise spontaneously, the women select a lower metabolic rate and experience greater body cooling. Thus, it appears that women are less thermally sensitive to cold water. In cold air stress women have a lower mean skin temperature than men, but this is not observed in peripheral skin sites. In contrast to cold water, women do not experience greater drops in deep body temperature than men in cold air. Furthermore, men may be more metabolically sensitive than women to cold air stress. Men also respond to cold air with a bradycardia and increased stroke volume, while women show no change in these parameters. Similarly, men show a greater blood pressure response than women to local cooling of a hand or the face. Many of these gender-specific responses cannot be explained fully by differences in body morphology and support the concept that men and women respond differently to the cold.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Graham TEdoi
10.1249/00005768-198810001-00017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
S185-92issue
5 Suppleissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：INTRODUCTION:Loud sounds can decrease reaction time (RT) and increase force generated during voluntary contractions. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the loud starter's pistol at the Olympic Games allows runners closer to the starter to react sooner and stronger than runners farther away. METHODS:RT for the 100/110 m...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816770e1
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles (EV) are purported to mediate type 2 diabetes and CVD risk and development. Physical activity and a balanced diet reduce disease risk, but no study has tested the hypothesis that short-term interval (INT) training would reduce EV compared with continuous (CONT) exercise in adults with ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002185
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Facial cooling (FC) elicits a marked bradycardia at rest that appears to be reduced during exercise. This study was done to delineate the effects of exercise mediated central command from those of muscle afferent feedback and sympathetic stimulation on the attenuation of the bradycardic effect of FC during the onset o...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199703000-00006
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aims to examine whether muscle glycogen availability is associated with fatigue in a repeated exercise bout following short-term recovery. METHODS:Ten endurance-trained individuals underwent two trials in a repeated-measures experimental design, each involving an initial run to exhaustion at 70% of ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000737
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight older (52 to 62 yr old) post-menopausal and 8 younger (20 to 30 yr old) women were matched with respect to body size, fatness, and maximal oxygen consumption, heat-acclimated, and then exercised at 35 to 40% maximal oxygen consumption in a warm-humid (37 degrees C, 60% relative humidity) environment. Results wer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198820020-00009
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The degree of parasympathetic control of resting heart rate (PC) was assessed by measurement of variation in heart period (VHP) during cardiopulmonary synchronization of respiration. Respiratory period was arbitrarily preset and standardized at 7 heart beats (3 beats inspiration, 4 beats expiration). The mathematical ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-198508000-00008
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children and adolescents possess higher weight-related maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) levels than older individuals. The capacity of prepubescent children to improve aerobic fitness with endurance training is controversial, and reported data have provided conflicting evidence. In the adult, physical activity of c...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Arterialization of venous gas emboli (VGE) formed after surfacing from SCUBA diving can become arterial gas emboli (AGE) through intrapulmonary arterial-venous anastomoses that open with exercise. METHODS:We recruited twenty patent foramen ovale-negative SCUBA divers and conducted a field and a laboratory...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000625
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to exercise in a group of patients with unexplained dyspnea, increased risk for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; >30 mm Hg) on exercise. METHODS:A total of 37 symptomatic patients at risk of PA...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318204cdac
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:High-throughput profiling of metabolic status (metabolomics) allows for the assessment of small-molecule metabolites that may participate in exercise-induced biochemical pathways and corresponding cardiometabolic risk modification. We sought to describe the changes in a diverse set of plasma metabolite profiles...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001594
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Blood is a rich source of growth factors that can stimulate fibrocyte migration and help induce neovascular ingrowth. These properties may be able to stimulate a healing response in chronic degeneration of a tendon (tendonosis). The purpose of this study was to assess the biomechanical and histological effects ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200201000-00012
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reproducibility of the Bruce exercise test protocol for the determination of maximal aerobic activity was evaluated in sedentary older women. Seventeen women between the ages of 51 and 68 yr performed five maximal graded exercise tests to volitional fatigue on a treadmill. VO2max (mL.kg-1.min-1) values averaged 27...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199708000-00018
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This is a case study of an aerobically trained, multisport, female athlete (age = 39) diagnosed with stage IIIc human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer. The focus of the study is on measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2peak) through the course of cancer therapy. METHODS:A symptom-...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000987
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the relationship of physical activity and its changes over a 9-yr follow-up to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 2060 young adults (24-39 yr) enrolled in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. METHODS:Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was assessed using a self-report question...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318172ced4
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The taper is a progressive nonlinear reduction of the training load during a variable period of time, in an attempt to reduce the physiological and psychological stress of daily training and optimize sports performance. The aim of the taper should be to minimize accumulated fatigue without compromising adaptations. Th...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Heart rate (HR) is widely used to adjust exercise intensity in aerobic training. Training HR recommendations are calculated often from simple equations. Because at lactate steady state (LASS) may be an intensity of exercise eliciting similar objective measures of intensity and similar subjective measures of met...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200205000-00024
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1-mile run/walk test is the field test of choice for evaluating maximal aerobic power (VO2max) in school-aged children. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of selected metabolic determinants of mile run/walk performance in children 6-14 yr of age. Mile run/walk time (MRWT), VO2max,...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Arterial distensibility decreases with age. This decrease may be associated with the initiation and/or progression of hypertension and atherosclerosis and may be attenuated by positive lifestyle habits, including habitual physical activity. We tested the hypothesis that self-reported sport, leisure, and work ph...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200112000-00014
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Serial evaluation of aerobic metabolism and exercise tolerance early after heart transplantation (HT). METHODS:Fifteen heart transplant recipients (HTR), aged 52.0 +/- 9.9 yr (mean +/- SD), not undergoing structured rehabilitation programs, were tested two to four times during the first 2 yr post-HT. As a refe...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000093610.71730.02
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:This study investigated whether the progressive rise in heart rate (HR) and fall in stroke volume (SV) during prolonged, constant-rate, moderate-intensity exercise (cardiovascular drift, CVdrift) in a hot environment is associated with a reduction in VO(2max). METHODS:CVdrift was measured in nine ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000152731.33450.95
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It has been well established in mammals that circadian behavior as well as the molecular clockwork can be synchronized to the light-dark cycle via the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN). In addition to light, it has been demonstrated that nonphotic time cues, such as restricting the time of food ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318255cf4c
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Obesity is epidemic in Western societies, with rapid rates of increase in the young. Various methods exist for the assessment of body composition, but these have not been compared in obese children and adolescents. This study compared methods of body composition assessment in obese young people to determine whe...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000191160.07893.2d
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Acute bupropion (dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) administration significantly improved time trial performance and increased core temperature in the heat (30 degrees C). PURPOSE:The present study was performed to examine the effect of a dopaminergic reuptake inhibitor on exercise capacity and th...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181659c4d
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different volumes of high-intensity resistance training on isometric torque and muscle thickness. Training was conducted three times per week using one set (low volume, EX-1, N = 18) or three sets (high volume, EX-3, N = 20) of dynamic variable resistance exerc...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199610000-00016
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:One purpose was to test the hypothesis that anxiety reductions following exercise are caused by a "time out" from daily cares and worries, and the second purpose was to document the magnitude of the change in state anxiety after exercise in high trait anxious females. METHODS:Anxious women (N = 14) completed f...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-199807000-00013
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study was conducted to determine if fifth-grade students who walked or bicycled to school on a regular basis were more physically active than those that did not. METHODS:The sample consists of 219 fifth-grade students (10.3 +/- 0.6 yr, 44% male, 58% minority) from eight randomly selected urban and suburba...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000179102.17183.6b
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We tested the hypothesis that critical velocity (CV) during intermittent running with changes of direction is reliably and accurately identified from a simple shuttle field test. We also tested the hypothesis that CV during intermittent running with changes of direction running is not equivalent to continuous l...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001774
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Compare three published methods of quantifying physical activity (total activity, peak strain, and bone-loading exposure (BLE) scores) and identify their associations with areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volumetric BMD (vBMD), and bone strength. METHODS:Postmenopausal women (N = 239; mean age: 53.8 yr) from...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318155a7fe
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten highly trained endurance athletes were studied to determine the effects of exposure to low ozone (O3) concentrations on simulated competitive endurance performance and associated physiological and subjective symptom responses. Each subject was randomly exposed to filtered air (FA), and to 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 ppm ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:High school cross-country runners have a high incidence of injury, particularly at the shin and knee. An increased step rate during running has been shown to reduce impact forces and loading of the lower extremity joints. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine step rate as a risk factor for injury...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000890
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
