Scientific bases for precompetition tapering strategies.

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Although both humans and quadrupeds frequently coordinate breathing and limb movement during running, early studies in humans focused on how increased breathing flexibility in humans allowed for relaxed or even transient coordination during locomotion. This difference was used to explain why quadrupeds had...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Willcockson MA,Wall-Scheffler CM

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The frequency of interruptions in sedentary time (sedentary breaks) is an aspect of sedentary behaviors that may be associated with metabolic health outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the change in the frequency of sedentary breaks during a 10-yr period from ages 5 to 15 yr. METHODS:The longitudin...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Kwon S,Burns TL,Levy SM,Janz KF

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of 3 d of exercise deprivation on selected psychological variables. Ten volunteers (4 female and 6 male) who regularly exercised 6-7 d.wk-1 for at least 45 min at a time participat...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Mondin GW,Morgan WP,Piering PN,Stegner AJ,Stotesbery CL,Trine MR,Wu MY

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:We examined the effect of electric fan use on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses of nine young (26 ± 3 yr) and nine aged (68 ± 4 yr) adults exposed to extreme heat and humidity. METHODS:While resting at a temperature of 42°C, relative humidity increased from 30% to 70% in 2% increments every 5 min. ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Gagnon D,Romero SA,Cramer MN,Kouda K,Poh PYS,Ngo H,Jay O,Crandall CG

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Age Discrimination in Employment Act has raised the issue of Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications for employment in the public safety sector. Complicating the issue is the number of lawsuits filed for violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Physical performance testing as an alternative to arbitrar...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Davis PO,Dotson CO

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise dose-response issue in a sample of 121 regular exercisers categorized as relatively low, moderate, or high dosage physical activity participants. METHODS:Male and female students, faculty, and staff of a midwestern university, currently engaging in various ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Lox CL,Burns SP,Treasure DC,Wasley DA

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Cross-sectional studies suggest that training can increase muscle carnosine (MCarn), although longitudinal studies have failed to confirm this. A lack of control for dietary β-alanine intake or muscle fiber type shifting may have hampered their conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate th...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： DE Salles Painelli V,Nemezio KM,Pinto AJ,Franchi M,Andrade I,Riani LA,Saunders B,Sale C,Harris RC,Gualano B,Artioli GG

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The present study investigated the effects of three consecutive days of endurance training under conditions of low energy availability (LEA) on the muscle glycogen content, muscle damage markers, endocrine regulation, and endurance capacity in male runners. METHODS:Seven male long-distance runners (19.9 ± 1.1 ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Kojima C,Ishibashi A,Tanabe Y,Iwayama K,Kamei A,Takahashi H,Goto K

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, which is hypothesized to shuttle nonmetabolized fatty acids, particularly when excessive fatty acids are present. PURPOSE:Obese Zucker rats (OZR) have systematically elevated levels of fatty acids, with decreased fatty acid metabolism. W...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Peterson JM,Bryner RW,Frisbee JC,Alway SE

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the hypothesis that the skin blood flow response to body heating is not uniform over the entire body surface, we compared forearm (FBF) and calf (CBF) blood flow responses to an increase in core temperature (esophageal temperature, Tes) during dynamic exercise. We studied 13 physically active men during sem...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Nishiyasu T,Shi X,Gillen CM,Mack GW,Nadel ER

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1) Many otherwise healthy runners are prevented from participating fully in their chosen endurance sport because of overuse injuries. 2) The most important risk factor for incurring an overuse injury is a training error, such as excessive mileage, sudden change in training distance or intensity, too much hard interval...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： O'Toole ML

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Parents play a critical role in shaping children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, including those around physical activity and inactivity. Our ability to identify which practices effectively promote children's physical activity and limit inactivity is limited by existing measurement instruments. This p...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Vaughn AE,Hales D,Ward DS

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Regular physical activity leads to a more favorable cardiovascular risk factor profile and a lower risk of developing incident coronary heart disease (CHD). These correlations suggest that higher levels of physical activity should also attenuate the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS:Phys...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Taylor AJ,Watkins T,Bell D,Carrow J,Bindeman J,Scherr D,Feuerstein I,Wong H,Bhattarai S,Vaitkus M,O'Malley PG

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate effectively interventions to increase physical activity among older persons, reliable and valid measures of physical activity are required that can also detect the expected types of physical activity changes in this population. This paper describes a self-report physical activity questionnaire for o...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Stewart AL,Mills KM,King AC,Haskell WL,Gillis D,Ritter PL

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine and is present in skeletal muscle. Chronic oral β-alanine supplementation can induce muscle carnosine loading and is therefore seen as the rate-limiting factor for carnosine synthesis. However, the effect of L-histidine supplementation on carnosine ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Blancquaert L,Everaert I,Missinne M,Baguet A,Stegen S,Volkaert A,Petrovic M,Vervaet C,Achten E,DE Maeyer M,DE Henauw S,Derave W

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the Team Physician Consensus Statement is to provide physicians, school administrators, team owners, the general public, and individuals who are responsible for making decisions regarding the medical care of athletes and teams with guidelines for choosing a qualified team physician and an outline of t...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors：

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise program of two different intensities, with nutritional control, on gestational weight gain (GWG), infant birth weight, and maternal weight retention at 2 months postpartum (2 mopp). METHODS:Pregnant women (prepregnancy body mass index = 18.5-24.9 kg·m) wer...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ruchat SM,Davenport MH,Giroux I,Hillier M,Batada A,Sopper MM,Hammond JM,Mottola MF

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To quantify variations in plantar pressure variables in healthy adults across five cardiovascular exercises. METHODS:Ten young (19-35 yr old) and 10 middle-aged (45-60 yr old) individuals participated. After equipment familiarization, plantar pressure data were recorded during walking, running, elliptical trai...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Burnfield JM,Jorde AG,Augustin TR,Augustin TA,Bashford GR

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to determine the effect of cooling progressively greater portions of the lower extremities on dynamic balance and neuromuscular activation. METHODS:Ten healthy males (22.8 ± 3.4 yr, 76.5 ± 9.1 kg) performed one room air temperature control (22.4°C ± 0.8°C) and three trials of cold water immers...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Montgomery RE,Hartley GL,Tyler CJ,Cheung SS

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Competitive female athletes restrict energy intake and increase exercise energy expenditure frequently resulting in ovarian suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ovarian suppression and energy deficit on swimming performance (400-m swim velocity). METHODS:Menstrual status w...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Vanheest JL,Rodgers CD,Mahoney CE,De Souza MJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two swims (1993 and 1994) are described which led to post-swim orthostatic intolerance and one episode of syncope in a 50/51-yr-old well-trained and experienced marathon swimmer. The swims of 33 km and 38 km took 12 h 30 s and 17 h 35 min, respectively. Water temperature in each swim was above 23 degrees C and rectal ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Finlay JB,Hartman AF,Weir RC

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:This study investigated whether the progressive rise in heart rate (HR) and fall in stroke volume (SV) during prolonged, constant-rate, moderate-intensity exercise (cardiovascular drift, CVdrift) in a hot environment is associated with a reduction in VO(2max). METHODS:CVdrift was measured in nine ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Wingo JE,Lafrenz AJ,Ganio MS,Edwards GL,Cureton KJ

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Postactivation potentiation (PAP), i.e., the increase in twitch torque following a maximal voluntary conditioning contraction, has been shown to depend on muscle contractile conditions (e.g., muscle length). Few studies, however, have investigated the extent of twitch PAP under dynamic conditions in human subje...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Babault N,Maffiuletti NA,Pousson M

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The present study assessed the factorial validity and gender invariance of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) using a sample of young adolescents. Existing SPAS 12-item, one- and two-factor and truncated, one-factor (i.e., nine-item and seven-item) measurement models reported in the adult literature were ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Smith AL

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To describe the influence of caffeine on physiological responses to exercise in young children and determine whether sex differences in these responses exist. METHODS:Twenty-six healthy 7- to 9-yr-old boys and 26 healthy 7- to 9-yr-old girls volunteered to participate in a double-blind, randomized, double cros...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Turley KR,Gerst JW

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of the potent opioid, sufentanil, were studied in 11 athletes. Sufentanil was administered intravenously (up to 0.5 microgram.kg-1 over 10 min) to the subjects while they ran at 14 km.hr-1 on a level treadmill. Prior to, and after, the drug infusion, the treadmill was inclined by 6% for 4 min and CO2 was i...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ward DS,Nitti GJ

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of the following electronic pedometers for measuring steps: Freestyle Pacer Pro (FR), Kenz Lifecorder (KZ), New Lifestyles NL-2000 (NL), Omron HJ-105 (OM), Oregon Scientific PE316CA (OR), Sportline 330 (SL330) and 345 (SL345), Walk4Life LS ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Schneider PL,Crouter SE,Lukajic O,Bassett DR Jr

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This study determined the effects of a single session of heavy-resistance exercise on myosin heavy-chain (MHC) mRNA expression, along with the expression of the transcription factors Myo-D, myogenin, and Id-1. METHODS:Four male subjects participated in a control group (CON) and seven in a resistance-exercise g...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Willoughby DS,Nelson MJ

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to establish whether time spent in sport-related physical activities and sedentary behaviors (e.g., TV viewing, videogame usage, and homework) was prospectively associated with change in blood pressure (BP) for 5 yr. METHODS:Eight hundred and twenty-one students age 6 yr at baseline (397 girls...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Gopinath B,Hardy LL,Kifley A,Baur LA,Mitchell P

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify tissue oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations ([HbO2] and [HbR]) and O2 saturation (stO2) in the oblique fibers of the vastus medialis muscle and brain prefrontal cortex during knee extension with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). METHODS:S...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ganesan G,Cotter JA,Reuland W,Cerussi AE,Tromberg BJ,Galassetti P

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00