Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) deficiencies are risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Overlapping values between heterozygous carriers and normal individuals often make a correct classification of a deficiency difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex, age, menopause and hormone therapy on natural anticoagulant plasma levels in a large group of healthy individuals, and to evaluate the need of separate reference ranges. MATERIALS AND METHODS:AT and PC were measured with a chromogenic assay, antigenic free PS with an ELISA test. To evaluate the effect of sex, age, oral contraception, hormonal status (and their interaction) on AT, PC and PS levels, linear regression models were used. Biological relevance and the value of the normal deviate z were chosen as rules to decide for separate reference ranges. RESULTS:The study population consisted of 1837 healthy adult individuals (741 men, 1096 women), aged 18-85 years (median age: 44 years). In men AT levels decreased after the age of 50 years. Men had higher levels of PS than women, particularly at young ages. In women, after correction for menopause, only PC levels increased with age. Menopause affected AT and PS, but not PC levels. Oral contraceptive intake was associated with a decrease of AT and PS, and an increase of PC levels. CONCLUSIONS:For AT, PC and PS, sex- and age-specific normal reference ranges can be useful, in order to better discriminate true carriers of a natural anticoagulant deficiency.
journal_name
Thromb Resjournal_title
Thrombosis researchauthors
Franchi F,Biguzzi E,Martinelli I,Bucciarelli P,Palmucci C,D'Agostino S,Peyvandi Fdoi
10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
e152-7issue
2eissn
0049-3848issn
1879-2472pii
S0049-3848(13)00281-8journal_volume
132pub_type
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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