Abstract：
:Thirty-two studies (2889 subjects) that investigated the prevalence of the causes of dementia were critically reviewed. Particular attention was paid to potential and actual reversibility. Although dementia manifests itself primarily in old age (particularly age 75 and older), the mean age of patients for the studies that reported age data (56%) was 72.3 years. Twenty-five studies originated from secondary or tertiary centers, and four were community-based. Dementias consisted of Alzheimer disease, 56.8%; multi-infarct, 13.3%; depression, 4.5%; alcoholic, 4.2%; and drugs, 1.5%. No single other cause contributed more than 1.6% of the cases. Potentially reversible causes made up 13.2% of all cases. However, the more important question of whether patients with potentially reversible causes were followed and reversal actually seen was not always examined. In 11 studies (34%) that provided follow-up, 11% of dementias resolved, either partially (8%) or fully (3%). The commonest reversible causes were drugs, 28.2%; depression, 26.2%; and metabolic, 15.5%. Due to the presence of various biases (selection, lack of "blinded" investigators, and others) in the surveyed works, it is probable that the true incidence of reversible dementias in the community is even lower than that reported. Research implications as well as a conservative approach to the workup of a new case of dementia are offered.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Clarfield AMdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-109-6-476subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-09-15 00:00:00pages
476-86issue
6eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Soon, half of all physicians may be married to other physicians (that is, in dual-doctor families). Little is known about how marriage to another physician affects physicians themselves. OBJECTIVE:To learn how physicians in dual-doctor families differ from other physicians in their professional and family l...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-130-4-199902160-00017
更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into endothelial cells and participate in angiogenesis in adults. In experimental models of acute myocardial infarction, mesenchymal stem cells led to the recovery of cardiac function through the formation of a new vascular network. OBJECTIVE:To describe treatment wi...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-00007
更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Two patients developed severe hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia as a result of renal wasting of magnesium and potassium shortly after being treated with large doses of gentamicin. When therapy with gentamicin was discontinued renal loss of magnesium and potassium ceased, and serum calcium, magnesium, and p...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-82-5-646
更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Screening mammography is recommended for women 50 to 69 years of age because of its proven efficacy and reasonable cost-effectiveness. Extending screening recommendations to include women 40 to 49 years of age remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost-effectiveness of screening mammography in wom...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00001
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giant cell tumor of bone is a rare, but well-recognized complication of Paget's disease of bone. In contrast, giant cell reparative granuloma (a benign tumor of the jaws occurring primarily in young adults) has never been described in association with Paget's disease. Five patients had giant cell lesions complicating ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-35
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:High-sensitivity assays for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) are sometimes used to rapidly rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Purpose:To estimate the ability of a single hs-cTnT concentration below the limit of detection (<0.005 µg/L) and a nonischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) to rule out AMI in adults ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.7326/M16-2562
更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of difficulties in antemortem diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis, a radioimmunoassay to an Aspergillus fumigatus carbohydrate was developed and evaluated in patients with mycotic or bacterial infections. Antigenemia was detected in sera obtained antemortem from four of seven patients with systemic aspergillos...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-793
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the cholesterol-rich very low density (VLD) lipoproteins of subjects with type III hyperlipoproteinemia are distinctively enriched in apolipoprotein E, a radial immunodiffusion assay for apolipoprotein E in whole plasma was developed. Its diagnostic usefulness was tested in randomly selected (n = 174) and hype...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-509
更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pemphigus is an autoimmune intraepidermal bullous disease involving the skin and mucous membranes. There are four clinically recognized variants of this disease. The histopathologic hallmark is acantholysis, which is disruption of normal cell-to-cell adhesion. Patients produce an IgG antibody directed against an antig...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-396
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare single-dose and 10-day treatment regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in women with acute dysuria, urgency, or urinary frequency. DESIGN:Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING:Student health center at a major university. PATIENTS:Consecutive sample of 255 young wo...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-350
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to gonorrhea and syphilis, both of which may develop primarily at anorectal or pharyngeal sites, a number of conditions, including Neisseria meningitidis urethritis, nonspecific urethritis, anorectal herpes, condyloma acuminatum, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis, typhoid fever, enterobiasis, and hepatiti...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-805
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 431 (30%) of 1460 patients with acute chest pain who had serial enzyme testing after admission to intensive or intermediate care units at three teaching and three community hospitals. The diagnosis was made within 12 hours of admission in 331 (77%) patients and within 24 hours in...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-181
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three patients with advanced Graves' ophthalmopathy were treated with cyclophosphamide. All had proptosis and diplopia. One patient had disabling iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome from steroid treatment of the ophthalmopathy and had undergone bilateral orbital decompression before cyclophosphamide therapy; steroids could ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-921
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several adverse outcomes attributed to atypical antipsychotic drugs, specifically quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine, are known to cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Such outcomes include hypotension, acute urinary retention, and the neuroleptic malignant syndrome or rhabdomyolysis. OBJECTIVE:To investig...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/M13-2796
更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Three patients with polymyositis had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. The presence of this isoenzyme is used extensively to diagnose myocardial infarction, but the isoenzyme is also found in sera of patients with primary muscular and neuromuscular disorders. We studied cardiac function in two of ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-341
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：SOURCE CITATION:Nidorf SM, Fiolet ATL, Mosterd A, et al. Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1838-47. 32865380. ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/ACPJ202101190-008
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for 6 weeks achieves sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of 95% in some patients. If effective, shorter therapeutic courses could improve adherence and treatment costs. OBJECTIVE:To determine factors predictive ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.7326/M15-0642
更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the factors that distinguish terminally ill, incompetent patients who are given do-not-resuscitate status by physicians against the wishes of the patient's family, I reviewed the charts of 20 such patients (cases) seen in consultation by the ethics committee at the Massachusetts General Hospital over 10 ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-109-10-819
更新日期：1988-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Daily change of intravenous (i.v.) infusion administration sets has been recommended by the Center for Disease Control since 1973 to reduce the risk of infusion bacteremia. To evaluate this recommendation, we undertook a prospective, randomized, controlled trial that compared the rates of i.v.-associated bacteremia, i...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-764
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the diagnostic difficulties, response to therapy, and clinical features of lymphomatoid papulosis and the cumulative frequency of transformation to lymphoma. DESIGN:Case series. SETTING:University hospitals. METHODS:The records of 21 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis who were seen from 1986 ...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-122-3-199502010-00009
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta are a risk factor for systemic embolization. DESIGN:Case-control study. SETTING:A referral hospital. PATIENTS:A total of 122 patients with a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral emboli and an equal number of age- and sex...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-423
更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data suggest that the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differ among U.S. racial/ethnic groups. PURPOSE:To evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes, factors contributing to disparities, and intervent...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/M20-6306
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The content, role, and purpose of internal medicine, organized as an American specialty 100 years ago, have been marked by ambivalence from the beginning. Nevertheless, molded to a large extent by external events, including the strategic and symbolic importance of surgery in American medicine, the rise of university m...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-592
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The growing population of older persons in our society will require increased attention. It is contended that the current pattern of third-party reimbursement for hospitalization and technical procedures focuses upon acute care and cure. The philosophy underlying medical education and practice is a barrier to the prov...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-256
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic f...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our review focuses on low density lipoprotein (LD lipoprotein) and very low density lipoprotein (VLD lipoprotein) in their roles as transporters of cholesterol and triglyceride and as factors contributing to premature arteriovascular disease. We describe the clinical manifestations of the common, primary hyperlipoprot...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-497
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylation of DNA is a biochemical modification that can influence gene expression and is involved in inactivating one of the two X chromosomes in women. Evidence that has accumulated in the past 10 years suggests that cancer cells usurp this physiologic mechanism and use it to their benefit by inactivating tumor sup...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00011
更新日期：2001-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:We isolated a high molecular weight antigen of the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium by column chromatography. The antigen was composed of 35% carbohydrate, 2.6% protein, 1.8% phospholipid, and 1% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and was important in the host's antibody response because it inhibited the indirect immunofluore...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-638
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection on the recurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. DESIGN:Follow-up of up to 2 years in patients with healed ulcers who had participated in randomized, controlled trials. SETTING:A Veterans Affairs hospital. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 109...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-116-9-705
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three cases of carbamazepine-induced granulomatous hepatitis are reported. Each patient had ingested carbamazepine for less than 1 month before presenting with a febrile illness suggestive of biliary tract infection. After withdrawal of carbamazepine, symptoms disappeared rapidly. Histologically, all patients had gran...
journal_title：Annals of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.7326/0003-4819-95-1-64
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
