Cervical and female breast cancers in the Americas: current situation and opportunities for action.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To understand better the current regional situation and public health response to cervical cancer and female breast cancer in the Americas. METHODS:Data on cervical cancer and female breast cancers in 33 countries, for the period from 2000 to the last year with available data, were extracted from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Regional Mortality Database and analysed. Changes in mortality rates over the study period - in all countries except those with small populations and large fluctuations in time-series mortality data - were calculated using Poisson regression models. Information from the PAHO Country Capacity Survey on noncommunicable diseases was also analysed. FINDINGS:The Bahamas, Trinidad and Tobago and Uruguay showed relatively high rates of death from breast cancer, whereas the three highest rates of death from cervical cancer were observed in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Paraguay. Several countries - particularly Paraguay and Venezuela - have high rates of death from both types of cancer. Although mortality from cervical cancer has generally been decreasing in the Americas, decreases in mortality from breast cancer have only been observed in a few countries in the Region of the Americas. All but one of the 25 countries in the Americas included in the PAHO Country Capacity Survey reported having public health services for the screening and treatment of breast and cervical cancers. CONCLUSION:Most countries in the Americas have the public health capacity needed to screen for - and treat - breast and cervical cancers and, therefore, the potential to reduce the burden posed by these cancers. OBJECTIF:Mieux comprendre la situation régionale actelle et la réponse des services de santé publique face au cancer du col de l'utérus et au cancer du sein sur le continent américain. MÉTHODES:Des données sur les cancers du sein et du col de l'utérus dans 33 pays, depuis l'année 2000 jusqu'à la dernière année de données disponibles, ont été extraites de la base de données sur la mortalité régionale de l'Organisation panaméricaine de la Santé (OPS) et ont ensuite été analysées. Les changements dans le taux de mortalité sur la période étudiée – dans tous les pays excepté ceux à faible population et à fortes fluctuations de données de mortalité en séries temporelles – ont été calculés au moyen de modèles log-linéaires. Les informations de l'enquête de capacité des pays de l'OPS sur les maladies non transmissibles ont également été analysées. RÉSULTATS:On observe aux Bahamas, à Trinité et en Uruguay des taux relativement élevés de décès dus au cancer du sein, alors que les trois taux les plus élevés de décès dus au cancer du col de l'utérus ont été observés au Salvador, au Nicaragua et au Paraguay. Plusieurs pays - en particulier le Paraguay et le Venezuela - présentent des taux élevés de décès dus à ces deux types de cancer. Même si la mortalité liée au cancer du col de l'utérus est globalement en diminution sur le continent américain, les diminutions de la mortalité liée au cancer du sein n'ont été observées que dans quelques pays de la région. Mis à part un seul d'entre eux, les 25 pays concernés par l'enquête de capacité de l'OPS font état de la présence de services de santé publique pour la détection et le traitement des cancers du sein et du col de l'utérus. CONCLUSION:La majorité des pays du continent américain disposent de la capacité nécessaire en matière de santé publique pour détecter et traiter les cancers du sein et du col de l'utérus et donc du potentiel pour réduire le fardeau que représentent ces cancers. OBJETIVO:Entender mejor la situación regional actual y la respuesta por parte de la sanidad pública al cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama femenino en las Américas. MÉTODOS:A partir de la Base de datos de mortalidad regional de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) se obtuvieron y analizaron los datos sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama femenino en 33 países desde el año 2000 hasta el último año del que se disponen datos. Los cambios en las tasas de mortalidad durante el periodo de estudio (en todos los países, excepto en aquellos con poblaciones pequeñas y grandes fluctuaciones en ciclos temporales de datos sobre la mortalidad) se calcularon mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson. Asimismo, se analizó la información del Estudio de capacidad nacional de la OPS sobre enfermedades no transmisibles. RESULTADOS:Las Bahamas, Trinidad y Tobago y Uruguay mostraron tasas relativamente altas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama, mientras que en El Salvador, Nicaragua y Paraguay se observaron los tres mayores índices de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino. Las tasas de mortalidad por ambos tipos de cáncer son elevadas en varios países, especialmente en Paraguay y Venezuela. Aunque la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino, por lo general, ha ido disminuyendo en las Américas, sólo en algunos países de la Región de las Américas se ha podido constatar una disminución de la mortalidad por cáncer de mama. Según los informes, todos menos uno de los 25 países del continente americano incluidos en el Estudio de capacidad nacional de la OPS disponen de servicios de salud pública destinados a la detección y al tratamiento del cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino. CONCLUSIÓN:La sanidad pública de la mayoría de los países de las Américas tiene capacidad suficiente para detectar y tratar el cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino y, por tanto, el potencial necesario para reducir la carga que representan estos tipos de cáncer. الغرض:الفهم الأفضل للوضع الإقليمي الراهن واستجابة الصحة العمومية لسرطان عنق الرحم وسرطان الثدي لدى النساء في الأميركتين. الطريقة:تم استخلاص البيانات المعنية بسرطان عنق الرحم وسرطان الثدي لدى النساء في 33 بلداً، من أجل الفترة من عام 2000 إلى السنة المنصرمة باستخدام البيانات المتاحة، من قاعدة بيانات الوفيات الإقليمية التابعة لمنظمة الصحة للبلدان الأمريكية وتحليلها. وتم حساب التغيرات في معدلات الوفيات على مدار فترة الدراسة – في جميع البلدان باستثناء البلدان ذات عدد السكان القليل وذات التراوح الكبير في بيانات وفيات السلاسل الزمنية - باستخدام نماذج ارتداد بواسون. وتم كذلك تحليل المعلومات المستخلصة من استقصاء منظمة الصحة للبلدان الأمريكية للقدرة القطرية المتعلقة بالأمراض غير السارية. النتائج:أظهرت جزر البهاما وترينيداد وتوباغو وأورغواي معدلات وفاة عالية نسبياً ناجمة عن سرطان الثدي، بينما لوحظت أعلى ثلاثة معدلات وفاة ناجمة عن سرطان عنق الرحم في السلفادور ونيكاراغوا وباراغواي. وتضم عدة بلدان – ولاسيما باراغواي وفنزويلا - معدلات وفاة عالية ناجمة عن نمطي السرطان. وعلى الرغم من أن الوفيات الناجمة عن سرطان عنق الرحم انخفضت بشكل عام في الأميركتين، لم يتم ملاحظة انخفاضات في الوفيات الناجمة عن سرطان الثدي إلا في بضعة بلدان في الأميركتين. وأبلغ بلد واحد تقريباً من إجمالي 25 بلداً في الأميركتين المدرجة في استقصاء القدرة القطرية لمنظمة الصحة للبلدان الأمريكية عن اشتماله على خدمات الصحة العمومية من أجل فحص سرطان الثدي وسرطان عنق الرحم وعلاجهما. الاستنتاج:تشتمل معظم البلدان في الأميركتين على قدرة الصحة العمومية اللازمة لفحص سرطان الثدي وسرطان عنق الرحم وعلاجهما، وبالتالي احتمال تقليل العبء الذي يفرضه هذان المرضين. 目的:更好地了解美洲子宫颈癌和女性乳腺癌的当前地区形势和公共卫生响应。 方法:从泛美卫生组织(PAHO)地区死亡率数据库中提取33 个国家2000 年到去年有关子宫颈癌和女性乳腺癌的可用数据并进行分析。使用泊松回归模型计算研究期间的死亡率变化(在所有国家中,人口少的国家以及时间序列死亡率数据波动大的国家除外)。还对PAHO有关非传染性疾病的国家能力调查的信息进行了分析。 结果:巴哈马、特立尼达和多巴哥以及乌拉圭的乳腺癌死亡率相对较高,而萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜和巴拉圭子宫颈癌的三种死亡率都最高。某些国家(尤其是巴拉圭和委内瑞拉)这两种癌症的死亡率都较高。虽然在美洲子宫颈癌的死亡率一直呈下降趋势,在美洲地区仅有少数国家出现乳腺癌死亡率下降趋势。在参与PAHO国家能力调查的25 个美洲国家中仅有一个国家报告提供筛查和治疗乳腺癌和子宫颈癌的公共卫生服务。 结论:美洲大多数国家需要有公共卫生能力以筛查(和治疗)乳腺癌和子宫颈癌,这样才能减少这两种癌症的潜在负担。 Цель:Лучше понять текущую ситуацию в регионе и меры в области общественного здравоохранения по выявлению и лечению рака шейки матки и рака молочной железы у женщин в странах Америки. Методы:Из региональной базы данных о смертности Панамериканской организации здравоохранения (ПАОЗ) были взяты и проанализированы данные о раке шейки матки и раке молочной железы у женщин в 33 странах за период с 2000 г. по прошлый год до даты, на которую имелись данные. С использованием модели регрессии Пуассона были рассчитаны изменения в показателях смертности за период исследования для всех стран, за исключением стран с небольшим населением и большими колебаниями временных рядов данных смертности. Также была проанализирована информация, полученная в результате анализа потенциала стран ПАОЗ в области борьбы с неинфекционными заболеваниями. Результаты:Относительно высокие показатели смертности от рака молочной железы были выявлены на Багамских островах, в Тринидаде и Тобаго, а также Уругвае, а три самых высоких показателя смертности от рака шейки матки наблюдались в Сальвадоре, Никарагуа и Парагвае. В ряде стран — в частности, в Парагвае и Венесуэле — наблюдается высокий уровень смертности от обоих видов рака. Хотя смертность от рака шейки матки в странах Америки в целом снижается, снижение смертности от рака молочной железы в регионе стран Америки наблюдалось лишь в нескольких странах. Все, кроме одной из 25 стран Америки, включенных в анализ потенциала стран ПАОЗ, доложили о наличии служб общественного здравоохранения для обследования и лечения рака молочной железы и рака шейки матки. Вывод:Большинство стран Северной и Южной Америки имеют потенциал общественного здравоохранения, необходимый для выявления, а также лечения рака молочной железы и рака шейки матки и, следовательно, потенциал для снижения угрозы, создаваемой этими видами рака.

authors

Luciani S,Cabanes A,Prieto-Lara E,Gawryszewski V

doi

10.2471/BLT.12.116699

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-09-01 00:00:00

pages

640-9

issue

9

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.12.116699

journal_volume

91

pub_type

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    更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reference toxins for antivenin standardization.

    abstract::Potency determinations in mice of venom samples from snakes of the species Bothrops jararaca, which had been caught in an area of less than 10 000 km(2), gave the following principal results:(1) Various methods of drying-i.e., closed and continuous vacuum-drying at 5 degrees and 37 degrees C and freeze-drying (lyophil...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: SCHOTTLER WH

    更新日期:1958-01-01 00:00:00

  • Targeted interventions required against genital ulcers in African countries worst affected by HIV infection.

    abstract::It remains unclear why there is such marked variation in the severity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic between African countries. The prevalence of HIV infection has reached high levels in many parts of southern Africa but in most countries of West Africa the levels are much lower. Although there is ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: O'Farrell N

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Community-based interventions for diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections in Nepal.

    abstract:PROBLEM:Acute diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common causes of child mortality worldwide. Safe, effective and inexpensive solutions are available for prevention and control, but they do not reach needy communities. APPROACH:Interventions based on research were designed to train...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.09.065649

    authors: Ghimire M,Pradhan YV,Maskey MK

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Imprisonment and women's health: concerns about gender sensitivity, human rights and public health.

    abstract::The health of prisoners is among the poorest of any population group and the apparent inequalities pose both a challenge and an opportunity for country health systems. The high rates of imprisonment in many countries, the resulting overcrowding, characteristics of prison populations and the disproportionate prevalence...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.10.082842

    authors: van den Bergh BJ,Gatherer A,Fraser A,Moller L

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Over-the-counter antibiotic sales in community and online pharmacies, China.

    abstract:Objective:To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in online and community pharmacies in China. Methods:We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of online and community pharmacies in 27 cities and counties in nine provinces in China (selected by mu...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.19.242370

    authors: Gong Y,Jiang N,Chen Z,Wang J,Zhang J,Feng J,Lu Z,Yin X

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • [A method for field detection of adult-mosquito resistance to DDT residues].

    abstract::A test procedure involving simply-constructed, portable test-equipment has been developed for detecting resistance to DDT residual applications by adult mosquitos. The procedure involves timed exposures of adult female mosquitos to DDT residues in chambers made of paper and screen wire, and the determination of the su...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: FAY RW,KILPATRIK JW,CROWELL RL,QUARTERMAN KD

    更新日期:1953-01-01 00:00:00