Abstract：
:Translation initiation in eukaryotes is a complex multistep process that requires the interplay of over a dozen protein factors together with the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) and the mRNA. During all these steps, the SSU serves as a platform for attachment, displacement and release of different molecules. In recent years, the great number of high-resolution X-ray and cryo-EM structures provided unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanism of this important process in eukaryotes. More specifically, cryo-EM became a leading technique in uncovering the structural details of this process due to exceptional advances in resolution and in image processing. Here, we briefly review cap-dependent eukaryotic translation initiation with an emphasis on its major conformational changes at several key steps during the process, unraveled thanks to the recent advances in the structural biology field.
journal_name
Curr Opin Struct Bioljournal_title
Current opinion in structural biologyauthors
Guca E,Hashem Ydoi
10.1016/j.sbi.2018.08.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
151-158eissn
0959-440Xissn
1879-033Xpii
S0959-440X(18)30091-5journal_volume
53pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The first high-resolution structure of a P-type ATPase, that of the Ca(2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, was published in 2000. This structure has provided many clues to how the Ca(2+)-ATPase might work, but no complete answers. The Ca(2+)-ATPase structure reveals no clear pathway from the cytoplas...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00360-3
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optogenetic dimerizers are modular domains that can be utilized in a variety of versatile ways to modulate cellular biochemistry. Because of their modularity, many applications using these tools can be easily transferred to new targets without extensive engineering. While a number of photodimerizer systems are current...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.021
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP synthases are rotary enzymes found in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. These complexes produce the majority of cellular ATP in aerobic cells using energy from the transmembrane proton motive force established by the electron transport chain. In mitochondria, dimeric ATP synthase is essential for formation...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2018.08.005
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-dependent initiation factors help process replication origins and coordinate replisome assembly to control the onset of DNA synthesis. Although the specific properties and regulatory mechanisms of initiator proteins can vary greatly between different organisms, certain nucleotide-binding elements and assembly patt...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.11.012
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An important goal of structural genomics is to complete the structural analysis of all the enzymes in metabolic pathways and to understand the structural similarities and differences. A preliminary glimpse of this type of analysis was achieved before structural genomics efforts with the glycolytic pathway and efforts ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00154-8
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the fundamental packing units of DNA in eukaryotes, nucleosomes play a central role in governing DNA accessibility in a variety of cellular processes. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this complex regulation has been aided by unique structural and dynamic perspectives offered by single molecule techni...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2011.11.003
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) perform a broad range of biological functions. Their relevance has motivated intense research activity seeking to characterize their sequence/structure/function relationships. However, the conformational plasticity of these molecules hampers the application of traditional struc...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.10.011
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent developments in implicit solvent models may be compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Based on improvements in the accuracy of generalized Born methods and the speed of Poisson-Boltzmann solvers, it appears that the two techniques are converging to a point at which both will be suitable for...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.02.001
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a result of the recent enormous technological progress, experimental structure determination has become an integral part of the development of drugs against disease-related target proteins. The post-translational modification of proteins is an important regulatory process in living organisms; one such example is ly...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.10.014
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are now numerous examples of proteins that are unstructured or only partially structured under physiological conditions and yet are nevertheless functional. Such proteins are especially prevalent in eukaryotes. In many cases, intrinsically disordered proteins adopt folded structures upon binding to their biologi...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00289-0
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The torque-generating, direction-reversing switch proteins of the bacterial flagellar rotary motor form a cytoplasmic extension of the bacterial flagellar basal body. 10 A maps, obtained by electron cryomicroscopy, of the bacterial filament reveal an unusual alpha domain which forms the protein-subunit export channel....
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80074-3
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural modeling of a cell is an evolving strategic direction in computational structural biology. It takes advantage of new powerful modeling techniques, deeper understanding of fundamental principles of molecular structure and assembly, and rapid growth of the amount of structural data generated by experimental t...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.012
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is one of only two known universal ribozymes and was one of the first ribozymes to be discovered. It is involved in RNA processing, in particular the 5' maturation of tRNA. Unlike most other natural ribozymes, it recognizes and cleaves its substrate in trans. RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein com...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.04.002
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells have evolved intricate ways to propagate signals through signaling networks rich in crosstalks between signaling pathways and feedforward and feedback loops. The enzymatic products of phosphorylation-dependent signaling, namely phosphopeptides, can be identified and quantified systematically by mass spectrometry...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Channelrhodopsins have become an integral part of modern neuroscience approaches due to their ability to control neuronal activity in targeted cell populations. The recent determination of several channelrhodopsin X-ray structures now enables us to study their function with unprecedented molecular precision. We will d...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.04.008
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multi-subunit complex that functions as a RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase to regulate transitions through the cell cycle, achieved by controlling the defined ubiquitin-dependent degradation of specific cell cycle regulators. APC/C activity and substrate selec...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.11.010
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrative structural modeling uses multiple types of input information and proceeds in four stages: (i) gathering information, (ii) designing model representation and converting information into a scoring function, (iii) sampling good-scoring models, and (iv) analyzing models and information. In the first stage, unc...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2014.08.001
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapses are cell adhesion structures specialized for signal transmission between neurons. At the synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals of neurons are functionally connected but spatially separated and form a cleft. Membrane receptor-like cell adhesion molecules and secreted proteins in the synaptic cleft (s...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prediction and modeling of RNA structures has become an indispensable tool of biological research disciplines. Currently, reliable predictions require massive input of experimental data. Structure-forming elements are conventional base pairs, as well as a rapidly increasing repertoire of novel structural motifs. New d...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80030-9
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein-protein interactions involving the catalytic domain of protein kinases are likely to be generally important in the regulation of signal transduction pathways, but are rather sparsely represented in crystal structures. Recently determined structures of the kinase domains of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.10.007
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Demand for novel GPCR modulators is increasing as the association between the GPCR signaling pathway and numerous diseases such as cancers, psychological and metabolic disorders continues to be established. In silico structure-based drug design (SBDD) offers an outlet where researchers could exploit the accumulating s...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.015
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large ribozymes fold on a 'glacial' timescale compared to the folding of their protein counterparts. The sluggish folding exhibited by large RNAs results from the formation of kinetically trapped, misfolded intermediates, which are nonessential features of the folding mechanism. Newly developed mutant ribozymes that a...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0959-440X(99)80045-1
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are central to many physiological processes, including the uptake of nutrients, the non-classical secretion of signaling molecules and toxins, multidrug resistance and the development of human disease. As one might expect from this spectrum of translocation events, these ubiquit...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00399-8
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 26S proteasome is the essential compartmental protease in eukaryotic cells required for the ubiquitin-dependent clearance of damaged polypeptides and obsolete regulatory proteins. Recently, a combination of high-resolution structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies has provided crucial new insights into the ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.10.004
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For various reasons, it seems sensible to redesign or design proteins from the inside out. Past approaches in this field have involved iterations of mutagenesis and characterisation to 'evolve' designs. Increasingly, combinatorial approaches are being taken to select 'fit' sequences from libraries of variant proteins....
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00234-7
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structures of two restriction endonucleases, BamHI and PvuII, were reported in the past year. This doubles the number of restriction endonuclease structures now known from two to four, and enables a comparative analysis of their structures and modes of DNA recognition. Despite a lack of sequence homology between the e...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80004-k
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic mRNAs contain a 5' cap structure that protects the transcript against rapid exonucleolytic degradation. The regulation of cellular mRNA levels therefore depends on a precise control of the mRNA decapping pathways. The major mRNA decapping enzyme in eukaryotic cells is Dcp2. It is regulated by interactions w...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.07.009
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specialized metabolic enzymes and metabolite diversity evolve through a variety of mechanisms including promiscuity, changes in substrate specificity, modifications of gene expression and gene duplication. For example, gene duplication and substrate binding site changes led to the evolution of the glucosinolate biosyn...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2017.07.005
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:You want to know how proteins do it? Take a walk in protein fold space. More often than not you will get a clue if not the answer. If you know what you are looking for and how to find it. In fact, there is more information than we can presently handle. Charting fold space and chasing its creatures has occupied us for ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.03.010
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past few years, there have been exciting developments in the field of flavoenzymology. New flavoenzymes have been discovered that are implicated in a variety of biological processes, including cell signaling, chromatin remodeling and cell development. The structures of several of these new flavoenzymes have...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.10.003
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
