Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To compare effects of raisin snacks with conventional snacks on glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial compared 3-times-a-day consumption of raisins with intake of processed snacks on glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors. Men and women were randomized to snacks (n = 15) or raisins (n = 31). Outcome measures were performed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS:Fasting plasma glucose levels were not significantly affected by intake of raisins or snacks. Mean subject post prandial glucose levels were significantly reduced by raisin intake at 12 weeks; changes with raisin intake were -13.1 mg/dL (P = 0.003 vs baseline; P = 0.03 vs snacks). Eating raisins significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (-0.12%; P = 0.004), a significantly greater level decrease than seen with snack intake (P = 0.036). Snack intake did not significantly affect subject systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP). Raisin intake was associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks with mean changes of -6.0 to 10.2 mmHg; all these changes were statistically significant (P = 0.015 to 0.001). Raisins were associated with significantly greater changes in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks than snacks (P < 0.05). Body weight did not significantly change within or between groups. CONCLUSIONS:Regular consumption of raisins may reduce glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors, including BP rate.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Anderson JW,Weiter KM,Christian AL,Ritchey MB,Bays HEdoi
10.3810/pgm.2014.01.2723subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
37-43issue
1eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::In scarcely more than 30 years, the People's Republic of China has progressed from limited health care available only to a privileged few to a countrywide system providing basic services to one fifth of the world's population. The author gives his impressions of the current situation, based on a recent visit. :There ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715824
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, significant progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Modest success has been achieved using new drugs in treatment of mild symptoms of the disease. Vitamin E, estrogen, and NSAIDs may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease, but their routine use is not ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.10.15.746
更新日期:1999-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::A hepatitis B vaccine derived from the plasma of carriers of hepatitis B virus has recently become generally available in the United States. Its use is recommended in groups considered to be at high risk of hepatitis B because of their exposure to potentially infectious blood, saliva, or semen. Experience in more than...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11697828
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of primary breast cancer with excision of the tumor plus radiation is now an accepted alternative to mastectomy in women who desire breast preservation and have a suitable clinical presentation. Tumor size and location should be carefully considered before applying treatment with this method, the primary con...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699425
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chronic pain syndrome differs from chronic pain. The syndrome is a psychologic stress state that can produce physical-type illness, often with musculoskeletal manifestations. It tends to strike the "worried well," by nature hysterical, depressed, hypochondriacal, and dependent. Standard medical, surgical, and psyc...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715917
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::With prostate cancer being diagnosed and treated in more than 300,000 men each year, the pool of long-term survivors is dramatically increasing. Because these patients are usually elderly, they are often receiving follow-up care for unrelated problems in a primary care setting. This offers the physician an excellent o...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1996.09.73
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To aid in making care of HIV-infected patients part of your office routine, Dr Coodley presents here a checklist that combines the various clinical aspects of initial management. Covering the steps from the history to plans for follow-up, this article should allay anxiety and promote confidence in your entire staff by...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1993.11701640
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary care physician can often delineate the cause of chest pain in a patient under 21 years of age after a thoughtful, careful, and thorough history and physical examination. Occasionally, an ECG and a chest x-ray film may be helpful. Noncardiac causes for the chest pain should be explored, and if found, the ch...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11697888
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The esophageal obturator airway is a relatively new addition to equipment for emergency resuscitation. It is simple to use after minimal training and can be inserted quickly without laryngoscopic visualization. Problems are uncommon. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715374
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::All lumps in the parotid region must be assumed to originate in the parotid gland. A mobile, superficial-appearing lesion cannot be assumed to be located just beneath the skin. Open incisional biopsy should never be used in approaching lumps in this region because of the danger of tumor seeding or damage to the facial...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699754
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years bone marrow transplantation has become increasingly feasible for treating adult acute leukemia unresponsive to chemotherapy. However, the technique is not without significant intrinsic morbidity. The mouth is a singularly sensitive reflector of the cytotoxic, infectious, and hemorrhagic complications a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715304
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians are often perplexed by patients with bacterial infection who are not responding to oral antibiotic therapy. Since most of the commonly used antibiotics are excreted in the urine, inhibitory activity of urine against susceptible organisms can be used as a measure of patient compliance. To assess the reliabil...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715090
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normalization of serum lipid levels should be initiated as soon as possible in patients with myocardial, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular disease. Clinical trials indicate that coronary artery disease and overall mortality rates can be reduced and atherosclerosis stabilized or reversed by lipid-lowering therapy...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700787
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sinusitis may present as an indolent infection, without the classic symptoms and signs commonly expected, and will probably be missed in children who have only cough and persistent rhinorrhea unless this diagnosis is kept in mind. Plain radiography is the most commonly used diagnostic procedure for sinusitis, but comp...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704634
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Chronic kidney disease is a global public health concern. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prediction based on serum creatinine is used to assess renal function in the elderly. The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula, based on body surface area (CG/BSA formula), and the Modified Diet and Renal Disease formula (MDRD ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.11.2221
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of the bleeding patient starts with the integration of data from the history and physical examination. From this results either one probable explanation that can easily be substatniated by laboratory studies or, as more commonly occurs in practice, several possibilities that are reasonable and must be i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1977.11712257
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Early diagnosis of sickle cell disease enables physicians to initiate prompt treatment and provide appropriate education and counseling for patients and their families. In this article, Dr Burdick reviews the management of major complications of the disorder, discusses the psychosocial impact, and examines the...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1994.11945940
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease marked by exacerbations and remissions. It begins in early infancy and may persist into late adulthood. Flares of dermatitis may be precipitated by emotional stess, extremes or sudden changes in humidity or temperature, and other factors. Treatment consists primarily of the use o...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1978.11714996
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: To understand the role of ophthalmoscopic examination (dilated retina examination and widefield fundus photography) in the diagnosis and management of nosocomial acquisition of Mycobacterium chimaera following open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass utilizing a heater-cooler unit, an entity that is ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1697545
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fact that the national death rate from carcinoma of the colon and rectum has remained static over the past two decades is strong incentive for future investigation of measures to allow detection in its early and more favorable stage. Although no significant improvements in surgical techniques have afforded improve...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715249
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrary to popular belief, hypoglycemia is an infrequently encountered condition and its presence is questionable until confirmed by appropriate tests. In ambulatory patients, blood glucose levels obtained during intake of a normal diet are more reliable than those obtained during a glucose tolerance test. If the blo...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11700028
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise-induced bronchospasm is a common complication of asthma. Aggressive treatment of this conditions permits patients to maintain full activity despite their illness. Since most asthmatic patients are healthy except for an intermittent respiratory problem, providing them the opportunity to exercise in all weather...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701232
更新日期:1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: The commonest types of peripheral neuropathy in the context of Coeliac Disease (CD) and gluten sensitivity (GS) are length-dependent symmetrical sensorimotor neuropathies and sensory ganglionopathies. In patients with such neuropathy, (gluten neuropathy), peripheral neuropathic pain is prevalent suggesting...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1650609
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Management of cardiovascular (CV) risk is an essential aspect of diabetes care, and acceptable CV risk is a requirement for antidiabetes medications. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors effectively reduce glycated hemoglobin, with a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. The purpose of this review i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1095616
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angina pectoris is a clinical diagnosis with various forms and manifestations. In many cases, the diagnosis can be made without expensive supplementary cardiovascular tests. In a given patient, the likelihood of significant coronary artery disease can be assessed clinically from such variables as age, sex, type of sym...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1984.11698713
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Even modest alcohol ingestion can increase the risk of steatosis, and long-term, excessive consumption can lead to alcoholic hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis. Most patients with clinically significant alcoholic liver disease have histologic findings typical of all three conditions. The only clearly beneficial treatm...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1998.04.462
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remittent isolated palsy of peripheral or of upper cranial nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus is well documented, but paralysis of a lower cranial nerve or an isolated branch of any cranial nerve has not been previously reported. In the case described, temporary paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700420
更新日期:1988-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The clinical significance of hyperplastic polyp-like histologic changes in random biopsy samples ('serrated epithelial change' or SEC) from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains uncertain, with some studies suggesting an increased risk of dysplasia and even carcinoma. Controlled studies are ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1802138
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The solitary pulmonary nodule observed on chest films should be pursued aggressively, usually by means of tissue study, since the clinical and roentgenographic characteristics of the nodule are often misleading and do not permit a reliable diagnosis. A decision to follow a patient without definitive tissue study shoul...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11697794
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Drug-induced aseptic meningitis is an unusual adverse reaction associated with a number of medications. In this report, the authors present a case related to use of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and summarize the available data regarding various proposed mechanisms of drug-induced meningitis. The usual clinic...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1994.11945926
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00