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Low dietary vitamin D in mid-life predicts total mortality in men with hypertension: the Honolulu heart program.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Vitamin D deficiency was associated with total mortality in previous epidemiological studies. Little is known about the effects of dietary vitamin D intake on mortality. We examined the association between mid-life dietary vitamin D intake and 45-year total mortality. METHODS:The Honolulu Heart Program is a longitudinal cohort study of 8006 Japanese American men in Hawaii aged 45 to 68 at baseline (1965-1968). Mid-life dietary vitamin D intake was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall using Nutritionist IV v3 software. We divided subjects into quartiles of dietary vitamin D. Total mortality data were available over 45 years through 2010. RESULTS:Age-adjusted total mortality rates were higher in the lower quartiles of dietary vitamin D intake compared to the highest (p for trend = 0.011). Using Cox regression, low dietary vitamin D was significantly associated with total mortality; quartile (Q) 1 hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.07-1.22, p < 0.001; Q2 HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.18, p = 0.002; and Q3 HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01-1.15, p = 0.027; Q4 = reference. After adjusting for age, kilocalories, cardiovascular risk factors, and prevalent chronic diseases, only Q2 remained significant (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.15, p = 0.037). Among hypertensive subjects only, those in the lower 2 quartiles had higher total mortality; Q1 HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25, p = 0.039, and Q2 HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.26, p = 0.025, compared to Q4. There was no significant relationship in subjects without hypertension. CONCLUSIONS:Low dietary vitamin D intake in mid-life was a weak predictor of total mortality over 45 years of follow-up. We found a significant association between low dietary vitamin D intake and higher total mortality only among hypertensive subjects. Vitamin D may have cardioprotective effects.

journal_name

J Am Coll Nutr

journal_title

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

authors

Kojima G,Bell CL,Chen R,Ross GW,Abbott RD,Launer L,Lui F,Masaki K

doi

10.1080/07315724.2013.875363

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-01-01 00:00:00

pages

129-35

issue

eissn

0731-5724

issn

1541-1087

journal_volume

pub_type

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Low dietary vitamin D in mid-life predicts total mortality in men with hypertension: the Honolulu heart program.