Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Breast cancer tends to metastasize to bone. Around 70% of the breast cancer patients eventually develop bone metastasis. After the bone invasion, metastatic cells disrupt the balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities, leading to skeletal complications, characterized by pain and pathological fractures and hence worsening the patient's quality of life. Once tumor invades the bone, it is hard to treat it with, the so-far available treatments options (e.g. bisphosphonates and denosumab). Bone metastasis should be essentially controlled, in cancer treatment and there is a strong need to explore new, more efficient therapeutic targets. This review discusses the bone physiological processes and the recent advances in exploring different pathways involved in bone metastasis. Furthermore, some novel treatment options, which are under preclinical and clinical investigations, are highlighted. CONCLUSION:A deeper understanding of these metastatic pathways can provide oncology researchers with novel avenues for treating bone metastasis, one of the main challenges to cure breast cancer. The restoration of healthy bone environment will not only improve the patient's quality of life but also reduces the tumor burden.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Irshad I,Varamini Pdoi
10.2174/1381612824666180619165728subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
3320-3331issue
28eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286pii
CPD-EPUB-91164journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer is a set of diseases formed by abnormal growth of cells leading to the formation of the tumor. The diagnosis can be made through symptoms' evaluation or imaging tests, however, the techniques are limited and the tumor detection may be late. Thus, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has emerged to optimize t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200219094853
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abstract::P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) is a 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that works as an efflux pump and confers multidrug resistance (MDR) in normal tissues and tumors, including nervous tissues and brain tumors. In the developing telencephalon, the endothelial expression of P-gp, and the subcellular localization of the transp...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::Nanoparticles have gained ground in several fields. However, it is important to consider their potentially hazardous effects on humans, flora, and fauna. Human exposure to nanomaterials can occur unintentionally in daily life or in industrial settings, and the continuous exposure of the biological components (cells, r...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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doi:10.2174/1381612825666190926161209
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last two decades, SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and especially PET (positron emission tomography) have proven increasingly effective imaging modalities in the study of human psychopharmacology. Abusing populations can be studied at multiple times after abstinence begins, to give informati...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161205774424717
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Mitochondria are cellular organelles responsible for energy production, calcium handling, controlled synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulation of apoptosis. All these functions are crucial for cardiac homeostasis, and may be impaired in chronic heart failure (CHF). Therefore, mitochondrial d...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since antibiotics use is currently limited due to undesired side effects and the increasing antibiotic resistance of various bacteria strains, there is a pressing need to develop new strategies and methods preventing epidemic outbreaks. The virulent potency of bacteria relies on a number of different extracellularly s...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, is a newly emerging zoonotic agent that emerged in China in December 2019. No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. Usual palliative treatment includes ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Combinations of different technologies are at the heart of the development and implementation of new, innovative processes and approaches for Industry 4.0 in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Process intensification and advances in high-throughput synthetic techniques can dramatically improve reacti...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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abstract::Angiogenic eye disease is among the most common causes of blindness worldwide. Current treatment approaches are insufficiently effective and partially associated with significant adverse effects. From an investigational view, the eye provides an ideal setting to observe real-time and serial observations of angiogenesi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the classical renin angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin II Ang IIplays many important roles in cardiovascular disease and in kidney, brain, and other organs via the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1). The RAS consists of many angiotensin peptides, including Ang (1-7), Ang (1-9), Ang (2-8), and Ang IV. Ang (1-7), produc...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clopidogrel, in combination wih aspirin, is currently the drug of choice to prevent thrombosis after coronary stent implantation. Currently, clopidogrel is administered to the vast majority of patients without any assessment of platelet inhibition. Response variability and resistance, however, definitely occur to clop...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206776361345
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the frequency of detection of different human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology in a population-based primary screening programme. 247 liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with A...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporins (AQPs) are expressed in physiologically essential tissues and organs in which edema and fluid imbalances are of major concern. Potential roles in brain water homeostasis and edema, angiogenesis, cell migration, development, neuropathological diseases, and cancer suggest that this family of membrane proteins...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207782341349
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agomelatine markedly differs from other classes of antidepressant drugs: its primary molecular targets in vivo are the melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptors, where it acts as a potent agonist, and the 5-HT(2C) receptors, where it exerts clear-cut antagonist properties. Agomelatine across a wide range of clinical trials ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209788168056
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ablation has become an important treatment for many pediatric patients with common supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs). Many multicenter studies have documented that radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of a large variety of SVTs in children and adults with a high succ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous molecule involved in a variety of biological processes. The specific action of NO depends on its enzymatic sources namely neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) and all three isoforms have been localized in the gastrointestinal tract. Constit...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone lysine methylation can be modified by various writers and erasers. Different from other epigenetic modifications, mono-, di, and tri- methylation distinctly modulate chromatin structure and thereby contribute to the regulation of DNA-based nuclear processes such as transcription, replication and repair on thei...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locomotion is one of the most complex motor behaviors. Locomotor patterns change during early life, reflecting development of numerous peripheral and hierarchically organized central structures. Among them, the spinal cord is of particular interest since it houses the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. Th...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural products remain the best resources of drugs and drug leads. Recently, there is growing recognition that identifying new small molecules to promote bone regeneration is a laudable translational goal. In fact, new approaches for bone repair and regeneration that involve inexpensive naturally-derived compounds wo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virtual screening, especially the structure-based virtual screening, has emerged as a reliable, cost-effective and time-saving technique for the discovery of lead compounds. Here, the basic ideas and computational tools for virtual screening have been briefly introduced, and emphasis is placed on aspects of recent dev...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043452721
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a recombinant humanized antibody that inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. BVZ is primarily given by the intravenous drip (I.V.), which often leads to low efficacy and various side effects. There...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The application of an ion selective technique for the determination of analyte concentrations is considered one of the most economical techniques for quality control purposes. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate and investigate the construction and general performance characteristics of potentiometric PVC membrane senso...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180727112730
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrins alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) are highly expressed on the microvascular endothelial cells, and blocking of their adhesive properties significantly reduced the VEGF-driven neovascularization ratio and tumor growth in animal models. Hence, inhibitors of the alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2) beta(1) integrins,...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207782023766
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects the elderly. The increase of life-expectancy is transforming AD into a major health-care problem. AD is characterized by a progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive skills leading to dementia. The major pathogenic factor ass...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agitation is commonly seen in acute schizophrenic patients and core symptoms include a wide range of symptom. It requires rapid and effective treatment approaches in order to protect patient and caregiver from potential injury. Clinician's decision of pharmacological treatment should be individualized to the needs and...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of liposomes, nanoparticle micelles, and related systems by mixtures of drugs and/or surfactants is of major relevance for the design of drug delivery systems. We can design new systems using different compounds. Traditionally these systems are created by trial and error using experimental data. However,...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160513150054
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00