Abstract:
:Associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations and a wide variety of undesirable outcomes, from autism and auto theft to elderly mortality, suicide, and violent crime, have been widely reported. Influential articles have argued that reducing National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 is desirable to reduce these outcomes. Yet, other studies have found that reducing black smoke and other particulate matter by as much as 70% and dozens of micrograms per cubic meter has not detectably affected all-cause mortality rates even after decades, despite strong, statistically significant positive exposure concentration-response (C-R) associations between them. This paper examines whether this disconnect between association and causation might be explained in part by ignored estimation errors in estimated exposure concentrations. We use EPA air quality monitor data from the Los Angeles area of California to examine the shapes of estimated C-R functions for PM2.5 when the true C-R functions are assumed to be step functions with well-defined response thresholds. The estimated C-R functions mistakenly show risk as smoothly increasing with concentrations even well below the response thresholds, thus incorrectly predicting substantial risk reductions from reductions in concentrations that do not affect health risks. We conclude that ignored estimation errors obscure the shapes of true C-R functions, including possible thresholds, possibly leading to unrealistic predictions of the changes in risk caused by changing exposures. Instead of estimating improvements in public health per unit reduction (e.g., per 10 µg/m3 decrease) in average PM2.5 concentrations, it may be essential to consider how interventions change the distributions of exposure concentrations.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Cox LATdoi
10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.038subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
636-646eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(18)30078-1journal_volume
164pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Exposure to inorganic fluoride (F) has been implicated in cardiovascular and kidney dysfunction mainly in adult populations. However, limited epidemiological information from susceptible populations, such as children, is available. In this study we evaluated the relationship of F exposure with some vascular and kidney...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.028
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was to assess the association between different NPs exposure and PON1 genotype on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters among workers. METHODS:This study included 235 non-CVD subjects handled to nanomaterials (NM) and 185 non-exposed controls without CVD from 14 NM plants. All participants comp...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.015
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous air quality monitoring in the Vojvodina district of Serbia and Montenegro has shown high levels of Cd, especially in the outskirts of large towns such as Kikinda. The construction and metal processing industries located in Kikinda have been emitting significant amounts of heavy metals into the environment. ...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2004.05.008
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One etiologic model for narcolepsy suggests that some environmental toxin selectively and irreversibly destroys hypocretin-producing cells in individuals with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1(*)0602. Between 2001 and 2005, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study in King County, Washington to exam...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2010.05.002
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multivariate statistical techniques, cluster analysis (CA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis (FA/PCA), were applied to analyze the similarities or dissimilarities among the sampling sites to identify spatial and temporal variations in water quality and sources of contamination (natural and anthropogenic...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2007.10.008
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. In recent years, producers have started replacing BPA by other chemical analogues, such as bisphenol -S (BPS) and -F (BPF), all of them under the label "BPA-free". However, despite bisphenol (BP) analogues have a very ...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108576
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Residential proximity to greenness in urban areas has been shown to confer a number of health benefits, including improved mental health. We investigated whether greenness was associated with self-reported stress, distress, and mental health among adult participants of multiple cycles of a national Canadian ...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110267
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of cellular phones is now ubiquitous through most of the adult global population and is increasingly common among even young children in many countries (e.g. Finland, where the market for smart phones is nearly saturated). The basic operation of cellular phone networks demands widespread human exposure to radi...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108845
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::More and more studies suggest that prolonged exposure to EMF may cause adverse biological effects and point directly to a significantly negative correlation between EMF and human health, especially men fertility. In our previous study, we reported that this could be related to the EMF-induced reactive oxygen species f...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.035
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital limb deficiencies (CLDs) are a relatively common group of birth defects whose etiology is mostly unknown. Recent studies suggest maternal air pollution exposure as a potential risk factor. AIM:To investigate the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure during early pregnancy and offspr...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108716
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health effects, including increased risk of respiratory infection. However, evidence specifically related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. METHODS:COVID-19 case counts for 111 Canadian health regi...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110052
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have explored the relationships between meteorological factors and asthma. This study explored the associations between daily variations in meteorological factors and hospital visits for asthma among different ages, genders, and asthma subtypes in Shenyang, China. A distributed lag non-linear model with Po...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109115
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treating and reusing greywater for agricultural irrigation is becoming increasingly prevalent in water-scarce regions such as the Middle East. However, the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be introduced into food systems or the environment via greywater reuse is a potential area of concern. It is known t...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109777
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies increasingly provide evidence about the adverse health effects of temperature variability (TV), which reflects short-term intra- and inter-day temperature change. However, calculation of TV only considers the temporal variability and lacks spatial variability. This study intends to investigate ...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.037
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a useful indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), airborne carcinogenic compounds. Radioimmunoassay was used to test for plasma BaP differences in 61 subjects divided into three groups based on geographic-demographic locale: urban-industrial, urban-residential, and oute...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0013-9351(83)90196-2
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Day-old Japanese quail were fed purified diets containing either 0.2 (control), 5.4, or 16.2 ppm lead as the acetate with either 25 (deficient) or 100 ppm (adequate control) iron for 2 weeks. Iron deficiency caused decreases in hemoglobin, iron, and manganese in the liver, and hepatic RNA synthesis. Iron deficiency al...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90030-6
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organochlorine compounds bioaccumulating in human tissues. Body burden of organochlorines may be influenced by individual characteristics such as age, weight variations, breastfeeding, dietary habits and place of reside...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2011.06.001
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in combination with coal, asbestos, or metal particles was studied for its inhibitory effects on interferon-alpha/beta induction by influenza virus in rhesus monkey kidney (LLC-MK2) cell monolayers. B[a]P per se had no adverse effect on the induction process. However, when cell cultures were pre...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80153-7
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of temperature on childhood pneumonia in subtropical regions is largely unknown so far. This study examined the impact of temperature on childhood pneumonia in Brisbane, Australia. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to quantify the main effect ...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.021
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An iterative scheme of short-term bacterial mutagenesis assays and multidimensional liquid chromatographic methods was used to isolate mutagens from a neutral fraction of a complex carcinogenic tar formed as a by-product of coal gasification. Mutagens in the complementary reversed- and normal-phase liquid chromatograp...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80135-9
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may interact with several thyroid functions. Severe environmental pollution by PCBs has been observed in Brescia, Italy, due to the presence of a factory that produced these compounds until 1984. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum levels of tota...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.003
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have evaluated the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and low birth weight, but the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to quantitatively analyze the relationship between maternal air pollutant exposure and low birth weight (LBW). PubMed and Web of Science ...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109970
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little evidence exists about the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the association between long-term ambient air pollution and MetS in China. A total of 15,477 adults who participated in the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study (33CCHS) in...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.029
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-level occupational radon exposure is an established risk factor for lung cancer. We assessed the long-term association between residential radon and lung cancer risk using a prospective Danish cohort using 57,053 persons recruited during 1993-1997. We followed each cohort member for cancer occurrence until 27 Jun...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.05.012
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is one of the biggest and most urgent challenges for the 21st century. Rising average temperatures and ocean levels, altered precipitation patterns and increased occurrence of extreme weather events affect not only the global landscape and ecosystem, but also human health. Multiple environmental factors...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108637
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Kastanozem complex in the dry steppe of southern Russia underlies an artificially-constructed forest strips. Deep ploughing to a depth of 45 cm was used to process the soil prior to planting. Between 20 and 40 cm depth, soil density was high, 1.57 t m-3. Soil hardness was also high, 440 psi. Soil aggregates greate...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110605
更新日期:2020-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::The California Power Line Study is a case-control study investigating the relation between residences near transmission lines and risk of childhood leukemia. It includes 5788 childhood leukemia cases and 5788 matched primary controls born between 1986 and 2007. We describe the methodology for estimating magnetic field...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.020
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite growing concern over potential health effects associated with exposures to the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA), insufficient information is available on determinants of BPA concentrations among minority populations in the US. OBJECTIVES:To describe concentrations and predictors of BPA in an i...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.12.003
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Gut microorganisms contribute to the metabolism of environmental toxicants, including methylmercury (MeHg). Our main objective was to investigate whether associations between biomarkers for prenatal MeHg exposure and maternal gut microbiota differed between early and late gestation. METHODS:Maternal blood an...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.014
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorinated solvents (CS)-contaminated groundwater poses serious risks to the environment and public health. Microorganisms play a vital role in efficient remediation of CS. In this study, the microbial community (bacterial and archaeal) composition of three CS-contaminated groundwater wells located at an abandoned ch...
journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109457
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00