Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Residential proximity to greenness in urban areas has been shown to confer a number of health benefits, including improved mental health. We investigated whether greenness was associated with self-reported stress, distress, and mental health among adult participants of multiple cycles of a national Canadian health survey, and whether these associations varied by sex, age, income, and neighbourhood characteristics. METHODS:Our study population included 397,900 participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey, 18 years of age or older, who lived in census metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2015. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to characterize participants' exposure to greenness within 250 m, 500 m, and 1 km buffers from a representative location of their postal code. Health outcomes included: self-reported perceptions of life stress, psychological distress, and self-rated mental health. We used multiple regression models, adjusted for relevant individual and neighbourhood-level variables to estimate associations (and 95% confidence intervals) between each outcome and exposure to greenness. FINDINGS:In models with all participants, we observed 6% lower odds of poor self-rated mental health per increase in the interquartile range (i.e., 0.12) of NDVI within a 500 m buffer. Across the three outcomes, we found substantial heterogeneity in effect size across categories of sex, age, and community-level indicators of deprivation and urban form. For example, each incremental increase in greenness exposure was associated with a reduction of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.81 to -0.51) on the K10 psychological distress score among those living in the active core of cities, and with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03-0.12) on this score among those living in the most suburban areas. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that the potential benefits of residential greenness on mental health vary across personal and neighbourhood-level characteristics and are sensitive to how the outcome is measured. Additional research is needed to understand which features of greenness are most relevant to different sub-groups of the population to maximize these health benefits.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Crouse DL,Pinault L,Christidis T,Lavigne E,Thomson EM,Villeneuve PJdoi
10.1016/j.envres.2020.110267subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
110267eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(20)31164-6journal_volume
192pub_type
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