Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Chronic alcoholism is associated with impaired cognitive abilities, with a more severe deficit in visual than in verbal functions. The visual processing deficits have classically been associated with impaired function of the visual cortex, located in the occipital lobe. The present study sought to increase current understanding of the impaired visual processing abilities in alcohol-dependent subjects and their correlation with metabolic aberrations in the occipital lobe using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS). METHOD:To that end, ¹H MRS was carried out in the primary visual cortex on 35 alcohol-dependent subjects and 35 healthy controls. Neuropsychological tests for visual processing skills were performed on all the subjects, and the deficits were reported as raw dysfunction rating scores. RESULTS:The alcohol-dependent subjects showed a significant increase in choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and myo-Inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) ratios, whereas N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and glutamate-glutamine/creatine (Glu-Gln)/Cr ratios were significantly decreased. Reductions in NAA levels might be attributed to neuronal loss, whereas reductions in Glu-Gln levels might reflect perturbation of the Glu-Gln system in alcohol-dependent individuals, which could represent a neuroprotective adaptation. Elevations in mI levels may reflect astrocyte proliferation as well as an osmotic response to cell shrinkage, whereas a significant increase in Cho levels indicates altered cell membrane metabolism. Also, a significant inverse correlation between NAA/Cr and raw dysfunction scores (rDyS) on the Nahor-Benson (NB) test and Glu-Gln/Cr with rDyS of the NB and the Bender-Gestalt (BG) test was observed, whereas a positive correlation between rDyS of the BG and the NB test and Cho/Cr was observed. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that metabolic alterations in the primary visual cortex may contribute to the neuropsychological impairment in visual information processing observed in alcohol-dependent subjects.
journal_name
J Stud Alcohol Drugsjournal_title
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugsauthors
Bagga D,Khushu S,Modi S,Kaur P,Bhattacharya D,Garg ML,Singh Ndoi
10.15288/jsad.2014.75.817subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
817-26issue
5eissn
1937-1888issn
1938-4114journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:Perceived descriptive drinking norms often differ from actual norms and are positively related to personal consumption. However, it is not clear how normative perceptions vary with specificity of the reference group. Are drinking norms more accurate and more closely related to drinking behavior as reference g...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.833
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Drug craving serves as the major motivator to propagate drug use and is thought to elicit relapse in abstinent individuals. Although craving for methamphetamine has been investigated using both laboratory and neuroimaging methodologies, the relationship between drug-induced craving and neural responses to met...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between prescription drug misuse (PDM) and sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) among adolescents and emerging adults. METHOD:In a hospital emergency department, 2,127 sexually active 14- to 20-year-olds (61% female) reported on past-year alcohol use severity (u...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.259
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:After a brief review of the literature on the role of alcohol in residential fire deaths, a comparison of different risk factors for residential fire fatality was undertaken by closely analyzing the circumstances of fire victims as a function of alcohol intake. METHOD:Analyses were based on Australian corone...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.731
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined how problem drinking and drug use and their related treatment received by workers varied by health insurance coverage and employment characteristics. METHOD:We used National Survey on Drug Use and Health data on civilian workers ages 18 years and older from the 2002 and 2003 public-use fi...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2008.69.915
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Male adolescents exhibit greater impulsivity and externalizing symptomatology relative to female adolescents. Furthermore, externalizing symptomatology has been associated with greater alcohol use and differential anterior insula functioning. The current longitudinal study on adolescents examined whether acti...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to update trends in alcohol- and drug-related emergency department and primary care visits over the last 15 years in the United States. METHOD:A trend analysis was conducted on substance-related health services visits, based on self-reported alcohol or other drug use within 6 ho...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.454
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue, yet little is known about the association between IPV victimization and problem drinking among women. Study objectives were to (a) identify subtypes of problem drinking among women according to abuse and dependence criteria from the Diagnostic an...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.351
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measurement was routinely requested in emergency departments and whether the observation period in the emergency department allowed sufficient time for alcohol elimination before the patient was discharged. METHOD:A retros...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.937
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Latinos experience more severe pain relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Although pain is associated with alcohol use, little is known about pain/alcohol associations among Latinos. The current study examined whether emotion dysregulation explained associations between pain intensity/disability and alcohol...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2017.78.938
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This research examined the longitudinal relationship between positive functioning and alcohol-use disorders from late adolescence into young adulthood. METHOD:This study used prospective, longitudinal data from the Seattle Social Development Project on a contemporary sample of 808 young adult men and women i...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2008.69.100
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous research has shown that primes associated with alcohol influence behavior consistent with specific alcohol expectancies. The present study examined whether exposure to marijuana-related primes and marijuana expectancies interact to produce similar effects. Specifically, the present study examined whe...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.391
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Groups of potentially violent drinkers may frequent areas of communities with large numbers of alcohol outlets, especially bars, leading to greater rates of alcohol-related assaults. This study assessed direct and moderating effects of bar densities on assaults across neighborhoods. METHOD:We analyzed longit...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.50
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine whether depressive symptoms assessed during hospitalization predicted alcohol use and alcohol-related problems during the subsequent year among medically ill patients. METHOD:The study sample was a cohort of hospitalized medical patients with unhealthy alcohol use who participated in a...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.673
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Relatively little research has evaluated motives for using marijuana based on users' self-reported reasons. This article details the construction and psychometric validation of a new marijuana motives questionnaire. METHOD:Participants included 346 marijuana-using college students who completed online assess...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.279
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined a range of indicators of alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) among U.S. adults and assessed sociodemographic and alcohol-related risk factors for AHTO. METHOD:The data came from 8,750 adult men and women in two parallel 2015 U.S. national surveys conducted in English and Spanish. Both surveys...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Good Sports program uses a systematic accreditation process to implement gradual alcohol-related harm-reduction strategies in Australian community sports clubs that aim to reduce the incidence of harmful alcohol-related behaviors, such as drink driving. This study tested whether the Good Sports program re...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.316
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To understand the association of alcohol use with sex and unprotected sex among hazardously drinking incarcerated women, we examined the relationship of these behaviors on any given day. METHOD:Participants endorsed unprotected sex and hazardous alcohol consumption (four or more drinks at a time on at least ...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.508
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We estimated the strength and direction of the association between product characteristics (beer type, package size, and brand name) and market-area socioeconomic characteristics, and promoted sales of beer in grocery stores. METHOD:Supermarket scanner data from 64 market areas across the United States over ...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.220
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article summarizes existing research on the relationship between alcohol policies and intimate partner violence (IPV). Because alcohol use represents an important risk factor for IPV, interventions and policies aimed at decreasing problem drinking may also lead to reductions in IPV. METHOD:Electronic da...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Alcohol consumption is characterized by bi-phasic stimulant and sedative effects. In previous studies, various tools were used to assess these effects, including expectancy questionnaires, implicit association tests, and self-report scales. The present study was aimed at clarifying the relationships between t...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.923
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The abbreviated Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) is a self-report assessment of craving comprising the following subscales: (a) strong desires/intentions to drink, (b) negative reinforcement, and (c) positive reinforcement and ability to control drinking. Although the DAQ is sensitive to changes in alc...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.15288/jsad.2013.74.797
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The current study tested the associations between a dual-systems model of self-control and alcohol use and problem severity. METHOD:The sample consisted of 491 college students (77.0% women) from a rural state university. Participants completed a series of online surveys that assessed aspects of self-control...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.678
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Research suggests associations between adolescent alcohol use and early reproduction, but other findings show that alcohol use disorder (AUD) may actually predict delayed reproduction. However, most studies generally do not consider the effects of parental AUD, which is correlated with AUD and may influence r...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:It is well established that college students increase their drinking when they leave home. This study examined changes in drinking as a result of campus closure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on the influence of living situation. METHOD:A sample of 312 college students (mean age = 21.2 ...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The alcoholism research literature has long reported a significant, reliable, and inverse association between alcohol use disorders and religion/spirituality (R/S), and this is also evident in the period of highest risk--adolescence and young adulthood. In the treatment area, both clinical and mutual-help pro...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2012.73.34
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Research suggests unintentional overdose on prescription drugs and intentional self-harm cases differ fundamentally from unintentional illicit drug overdoses, but there are few data on opioid overdose per se. METHOD:We analyzed consecutive opioid overdose patients age 13 and over (N = 435) treated by a toxic...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the full range of alcohol treatment effectiveness, it is important to assess secondary nondrinking outcome dimensions in addition to primary alcohol consumption outcomes. METHOD:We used a large sample (n=1,226) of alcohol-dependent participants entering the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.186
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Religious affiliation is inversely associated with the development of alcohol-dependence symptoms in adolescents, but the mechanisms of this effect are unclear. The degree to which religious affiliations accommodate to or differentiate from cultural values may influence attitudes about alcohol use. We hypothe...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.912
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The effect of drinking during adolescence on adult functioning is a public health concern. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed where drinking in adolescence has an adverse impact on later outcomes; unfortunately, few studies have included methodologies that account for confounding influences that might...
journal_title:Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00