Abstract:
:While microbial biofilms have been recognized as being ubiquitous in nature for the past 40 years, it has only been within the past 20 years that clinical practitioners have realized that biofilm play a significant role in both device-related and tissue-based infections. The global impact of surgical site infections (SSIs) is monumental and as many as 80 % of these infections may involve a microbial biofilm. Recent studies suggest that biofilm- producing organisms play a significant role in persistent skin and soft tissue wound infections in the postoperative surgical patient population. Biofilm, on an organizational level, allows bacteria to survive intrinsic and extrinsic defenses that would inactivate the dispersed (planktonic) bacteria. SSIs associated with biomedical implants are notoriously difficult to eradicate using antibiotic regimens that would typically be effective against the same bacteria growing under planktonic conditions. This biofilm-mediated phenomenon is characterized as antimicrobial recalcitrance, which is associated with the survival of a subset of cells including "persister" cells. The ideal method to manage a biofilm-mediated surgical site wound infection is to prevent it from occurring through rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis, adequate skin antisepsis prior to surgery and use of innovative in-situ irrigation procedures; together with antimicrobial suture technology in an effort to promote wound hygiene at the time of closure; once established, biofilm removal remains a significant clinical problem.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Edmiston CE Jr,McBain AJ,Roberts C,Leaper Ddoi
10.1007/978-3-319-11038-7_3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-67eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
830pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Addiction is marked by repeating a certain behavior while ignoring the potential physical or mental consequences. Non-substance addiction provides an ideal model for researching the emergence and development of addiction's basic mechanism. Comparative studies of substance and non-substance addiction are helpful to rev...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_6
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with the ability to differentiate into a variety of other connective tissue cells, such as chondral, bony, muscular, and tendon tissue. Bone marrow-derived MSCs are pluripotent cells that can differentiate among others into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocyt...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_16
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review Clan CA Family C1 peptidases of kinetoplastid parasites (Trypanosoma and Leishmania) with respect to biochemical and genetic diversity, genomic organization and stage-specificity and control of expression. We discuss their contributions to parasite metabolism, virulence and pathogenesis and modulation of the...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8414-2_6
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our studies revealed that virus induced demyelination as well as human inflammatory demyelination involves upregulation of class I MHC genes and surface expression of antigens encoded by these genes. Induction involves the action of an intermediate soluble factor/s which is at present unknown. These findings suggest t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_26
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we report the effect of sulfatides on rate constants of Factor XII activation by kallikrein and its isolated light chain. In free solution kallikrein and the light chain were equally effective in activating Factor XII and both enzymes had their pH optimum at pH 7.0 (k1 = 1.6 X 10(3) M-1 s-1). Sulfatides ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0154-8_3
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool to edit the genome. Among many applications, the system generates the exciting possibility of engineering small and large portions of chromosomes to induce a variety of structural alterations such as deletions, inversions, insertions and inter-chromosomal transloca...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_4
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upregulation of angiogenesis is a frequent occurrence in lung cancer and is reported to represent a negative prognostic factor. This provides a rationale for the development and evaluation of anti-angiogenic agents. To date bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against serum VEGF, is the only anti-angiogenic age...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24223-1_5
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flow cytometry is used in the analysis of the multi-parameter optical properties of individual particles such as eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, and viruses in the flow system. Virions, or complexes consisting of virus particles attached to the specific antibody in suspension are individually arranged in a linear...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6627-3_10
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to identify the binding sites of myosin fragments to the nitrocellulose film in a flow cell, proteolytic digestion was performed of myosin fragments bound to the substrate. Chymotryptic digestion of papain.Mg-subfragment-1 (S1) showed that a large proportion of S1 were bound near the tail and that the di...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2872-2_25
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) regulates the marketing and post market surveillance of IVD in the European Economic Area. In cases of incidents and field corrective actions, the manufacturers have to inform the responsible Competent Authorities (CA). In Germany, the Federa...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4546-9_48
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological and psychophysical effects of combined flow resistive loads were studied systematically by using the Multistage Evaluation Scale (MES), determining the number of Just Noticeable Difference (JND) steps, and constructing equivalent resistive-load-sensation contours. During combined resistive loading, t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fumonisins are responsible for many of the toxic effects of the common corn fungus, Fusarium moniliforme. They are acute renal and liver toxins in rats, and have tumor promoting activity. Fumonisin B1 is poorly absorbed, rapidly excreted, and persists in small amounts in the liver and kidney. Fumonisins are specific i...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1379-1_20
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::ATP stimulates arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin biosynthesis (most likely via phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation) and phospholipase C (PLC) activation in cultured rabbit coronary microvessel endothelial cells. Pertussis toxin pretreatment inhibits ATP stimulated prostaglandin release, but not ATP stimulated ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5805-3_7
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) changes in the cerebral cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) shows that its levels increase during moderate-intensity exercise and persists after exercise. However, the effects of exercise duration on O2Hb persistence in the premotor cortex (PMC) are unknown. We aimed to d...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_24
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple senses, including hearing, touch and osmotic regulation, require the ability to convert force into an electrical signal: A process called mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction occurs through specialized proteins that open an ion channel pore in response to a mechanical stimulus. Many of these proteins rema...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1704-0_9
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study explores brain-computer interfacing, its possible use in serious or educational games and frameworks. Providing real-time feedback regarding cognitive states and behaviours can be a powerful tool for mental health education and games can offer unique and engaging environments for these neurofeedback experie...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19385-0_7
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA virus quasispecies are subjected to processes of positive Darwinian selection, to a very active and continuous negative selection and to random genetic drift. The course of RNA virus evolution is often unpredictable, and recent results suggest that even highly conserved motifs, once regarded as essential for infec...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5331-1_93
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections in the world and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients.Although several antibiotics effectively treat CDI, some individuals do not respond to these drugs and may be cured by transplanting s...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72799-8_11
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human heart rate variability (HRV) was examined during a mild respiratory acidosis induced by inhalation of a normoxic hypercapnic gas mixture. On two separate occasions, separated by 72 but not more than 120hr, ECG was recorded from 9 normotensive subjects during supine rest. ECG was recorded for 20 min breathing roo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_63
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Betaherpesvirus possesses a large genome DNA with a lot of open reading frames, indicating abundance in the variety of viral protein factors. Because the complicated pathogenicity of herpesvirus reflects the combined functions of these factors, analyses of individual proteins are the fundamental steps to comprehensive...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_11
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous results have shown that alcohol has an effect on vision and on the excitability of retinal neurons. Action potentials of single ganglion cells were recorded by microelectrodes in opened and excised eyes from frogs (Rana temporaria L.). Histologically two types of synapses have been described in the retina: co...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_13
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter discusses the emerging field of vector-mediated antibody gene transfer as an alternative vaccine for infectious disease, with a specific focus on HIV. However, this methodology need not be confined to HIV-1; the general strategy of vector-mediated antibody gene transfer can be applied to other difficult v...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2432-5_8
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the subsequent analysis of the methylated mSEPT9 colorectal cancer screening marker in plasma, different blood collection tubes and blood storage conditions were investigated. The study demonstrated that methylated Septin 9 (mSEPT9) can be consistently detected in plasma samples derived from whole blood samples co...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42044-8_32
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acidification of endocytic compartments occurs within 2-3 minutes following internalization. In CHO cells, three kinetically and morphologically distinct endocytic or recycling compartments can be identified. Measurements of the pH in these compartments show that the acidity of the compartments is regulated independen...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5442-0_16
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinase activated receptors (PARs), a small subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors with four members, PAR₁, PAR₂, PAR₃ and PAR₄, are expressed in various tumours from epithelial origin and can play an important role in tumour progression and metastasis. Within the complex intracellular PAR signaling networks trig...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_45
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamic changes in gene expression punctuate lymphocyte development and are a characteristic of lymphocyte activation. A prevailing view has been that these changes are driven by DNA transcription factors, which are the dominant force in gene expression. Accumulating evidence is challenging this DNA centric view and h...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5632-3_1
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of experiments compared the uptake of 5,10,15,20 tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphinato [67Cu] copper (II), 67CuTCPP, by the lymph nodes of inflamed and two sets or control rats. The results demonstrate that 67CuTCPP localizes in greater concentration in inflamed lymph nodes than in noninflamed control lymph no...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0537-8_24
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical two-dimensional (2D) Doppler ultrasound flow velocity measurement is important for determination of arterial wall shear stress, blood-tissue exchange, myocardial and valvular function. Such 2D Doppler flow velocity images are usually displayed in color, superimposed on the gray-scale, cross-section structural...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_38
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter is an overview of published observations from our laboratory on the psychophysics and neurobiology of the persistent itch and pain of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). ACD is a clinically significant problem with many features characteristic of other pruritic disorders. Our approach was to produce ACD ex...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7537-3_2
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeostasis is the process by which cells adapt to stress and prevent or repair injury. Unique programs have evolved to sense and activate these homeostatic mechanisms and as such, homeostatic sensors may be potent therapeutic targets. The hypoxic response mediated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) downstream of oxyge...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_16
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00