Abstract:
:Acid-sensing pathways, which trigger mucosal defense mechanisms in response to luminal acid, involve the rapid afferent-mediated "capsaicin pathway" and the sustained "prostaglandin (PG) pathway." Luminal acid quickly increases protective PG synthesis and release from epithelia, although the mechanism by which luminal acid induces PG synthesis is still mostly unknown. Acid exposure augments purinergic ATP-P2Y signaling by inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Since P2Y activation increases intracellular Ca2+, we further hypothesized that ATP-P2Y signals increase the generation of H2O2 derived from dual oxidase, a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family activated by Ca2+. Our recent studies suggest that acid exposure increases H2O2 output, followed by phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase activation, increasing PG synthesis. Released prostaglandin E2 augments protective HCO3- and mucus secretion via EP4 receptor activation. Thus, the PG pathway as a component of duodenal acid sensing consists of acid-related intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibition, ATP-P2Y signals, dual oxidase 2-derived H2O2 production, phospholipase A2 activation, prostaglandin E2 synthesis, and EP4 receptor activation. The PG pathway is also involved in luminal bacterial sensing in the duodenum via activation of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2. The presence of acute mucosal responses to luminal bacteria suggests that the duodenum is important for host defenses and may reduce bacterial loading to the hindgut using H2O2, complementing gastric acidity and anti-bacterial bile acids.
journal_name
J Gastroenterol Hepatoljournal_title
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatologyauthors
Akiba Y,Kaunitz JDdoi
10.1111/jgh.12731subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
93-8eissn
0815-9319issn
1440-1746journal_volume
29 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In order to evaluate the relationship between local immune response to Helicobacter pylori and the diversity of disease, 77 asymptomatic subjects who underwent a health examination were studied. Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG in serum and H. pylori-specific IgA in gastric juice were measured by ELISA, and the measur...
journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00531.x
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb01898.x
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
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更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00543.x
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
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doi:10.1111/jgh.12601
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
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abstract:AIM:To determine whether liver biopsy might be useful in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis when bone marrow examination and serologic tests are inconclusive. METHODS:Over a 10-year period, liver biopsy was performed in five children with suspected visceral leishmaniasis when indirect hemagglutination tests and b...
journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04172.x
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1993.tb01647.x
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgh.13671
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04795.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The epidemiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in Western populations has been reported; however, there are scant Asian reports. The aim of the present study was to determine the etiology of LGIB in a Chinese population by reporting a retrospective case series and a systematic analysis of Chinese...
journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Complete duplication of the entire large bowel with partial ileal involvement is very rare and diagnosis can often be difficult as illustrated by this case report. We also review the other clinical associations of this rare condition and briefly discuss the embryology of duplications of the gastrointestinal tract. ...
journal_title:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01951.x
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00