Abstract：
:Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health problem. It is associated with an increased risk of fracture, particularly of the hip, despite normal or high bone mineral density. Longer duration of disease and poor glycaemic control are both associated with higher fracture risk. The factors underlying increased fracture risk have not been clearly established, but increased falls risk, obesity, sarcopenia and co-morbidities are likely to contribute. The basis for reduced bone strength despite higher bone mineral density remains to be fully elucidated. Bone turnover is reduced in individuals with T2DM, with evidence of impaired bone formation. Most studies indicate normal or superior trabecular bone structure although reduced lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) has been reported. Deficits in cortical bone structure have been demonstrated in some, but not all, studies whilst reduced bone material strength index (BMSi), as assessed by microindentation, has been a consistent finding. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products in bone may also contribute to reduced bone strength. The use of FRAX in individuals with T2DM underestimates fracture probability. Clinical management should focus on falls prevention strategies, avoidance of known risk factors, maintenance of good glycaemic control and bone protective intervention in individuals at high risk of fracture. Dietary and surgical strategies to reduce weight have beneficial effects on diabetes but may have adverse effects on skeletal health. Future research priorities include better definition of the mechanisms underlying increased fracture risk in T2DM and optimal strategies for identifying and treating those at high risk.
journal_name
J Intern Medjournal_title
Journal of internal medicineauthors
Compston Jdoi
10.1111/joim.12725subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
140-153issue
2eissn
0954-6820issn
1365-2796journal_volume
283pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cardiac troponin assays have become more sensitive over the years leading to the clinical introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays in 2010. Their use has revolutionized the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department by allowing earlier rule-in and rule-out of myocardial infarcti...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12779
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the feasibility and efficacy of a multifactorial intervention programme directed towards hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, and diabetes mellitus in treated hypertensive patients after more than 3 years' follow-up and to describe the incidence of cardiovascular complications. DESIGN:Open, randomized,...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00858.x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is required for the development and survival of T cells and plays a critical role in modulating T-cell homeostasis. This review will address current understanding of IL-7 biology, review recent clinical experiences and discuss potential future clinical applications of IL-7, or IL-7 blockade, in th...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02085.x
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to examine if an acute nicotine infusion alters insulin sensitivity to a similar degree in type 2 diabetic patients as in healthy control subjects. DESIGN:. Double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled, randomized experimental study. Nicotine 0.3 microg kg-1 min(-1) or NaCl was inf...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00840.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer in women. One proposed mechanism linking obesity to chronic diseases is an alteration in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin levels. We investigated t...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/joim.12062
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The introduction of biologic therapies heralded a new era in the treatment for chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases of which rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent. From a scientific point of view, these therapies demonstrated that the targeting of individual cytokines or cell-surface markers is a very ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02355.x
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, we review the current knowledge of the inherited genetics of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility and clinical outcome. We focus on recent developments in identifying low-penetrance susceptibility genes and the role of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) in these discoveries. Th...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02509.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) as a risk factor for hip fractures. DESIGN:A population-based, record-linked, prospective study with a mean observation time of 17 years (women) and 16.5 years (men). SETTING:A cohort obtained from a register of hospital admissions in the Uppsala Health Care Reg...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb01017.x
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common complex disease with a strong genetic involvement. We aimed to identify novel, rare, highly penetrant risk variants combining family-based linkage analysis with whole-exome sequencing (WES). METHODS:Linkage analysis of 16 kindreds of South Italian ancestry was performed us...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joim.12565
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01725.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review describes global patterns of tobacco use and the mechanisms by which tobacco use is involved in carcinogenesis. A second part will discuss the association between tobacco use and risk of specific cancer types. Tobacco use has traditionally been a practice of high-income countries, but it has recently been ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00993.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the prognostic value of exercise testing performed soon after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN:A 1-year prospective follow-up of 185 subjects treated with thrombolytic therapy who survived AMI, and who performed exercise testing 3 weeks afte...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00841.x
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that asymptomatic visual field defects can be found in patients with carotid transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) or minor strokes was tested. Twenty-two consecutive male patients with TIA and 18 patients with minor strokes from the carotid artery territory were examined by perimetry, cerebral computerised...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00389.x
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine to what extent traditional biomedical risk factors and social factors can predict, separately or jointly, first-ever stroke event, and to explore to what extent other risk factors might add to hypertension/elevated blood pressure as a stroke risk factor. DESIGN:An incident case-referent study. S...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00746.x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To study fasting and postmethionine-loading (increment and decrement) plasma homocysteine levels in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in relation to B-vitamin status and after folic acid treatment without or with betaine. DESIGN:Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and methionine levels were measured in c...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00430.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare foreign- and Swedish-born diabetic subjects regarding health care utilization, complications, clinical and socio-economic characteristics. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:All known diabetic patients living in six defined primary health care districts. SUBJECTS:Of 1861 identified subjects ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00161.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:There is uncertainty amongst clinicians about the definitions of cobalamin and folate deficiency and therefore about the indications for treatment. In this report we present the results of systematic cobalamin and folic acid treatment based upon serum cobalamin, total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic ac...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00559.x
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of resuscitation on patients who died suddenly out of hospital were evaluated after the introduction of early defibrillation performed by ambulance personnel using semi-automatic defibrillators. Resuscitation attempts were initiated in 548 patients during the 1-year study period. Mean ambulance delay was 7...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb00085.x
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of zinc status in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have shown contradictory results. Zinc is essential for many enzymes involved in the human metabolism and may play a role in the biosynthesis and storage of insulin in the B-cell. We therefore prospectively followed 26 patients (14 males and 12 femal...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01353.x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that low presenting systolic blood pressure (SBP) predicted cardioembolic stroke aetiology. DESIGN:Active and passive surveillance were used to identify all ischaemic strokes as part of the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) population-based study. Multinomial logistic regres...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02022.x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02236.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12843
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb01031.x
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin receptors are expressed on the majority of neuroendocrine tumours. The presence of these receptors is clinically useful. First, long-term treatment with somatostatin analogues controls hormonal hypersecretion, which controls flushing attacks, watery diarrhoea, hypoglycaemia and electrolyte disorders in pa...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00340.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rare cases of hepatotoxicity have been attributed to the antiarrhythmic agent procainamide. We here describe the case of a patient who had a hypersensitivity reaction to procainamide with fever, chills, arthralgia, abdominal pain and acute elevations of serum aminotransferase activities and bilirubin concentration. Th...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00599.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of acquired disability globally, and effective treatment methods are scarce. Lately, there has been increasing recognition of the devastating impact of TBI resulting from sports and other recreational activities, ranging from primarily sport-related concussions (SRC) but a...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12900
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that paraneoplastic syndromes may be mediated by tumour-related cytokine release, although the specific factor(s) involved remain poorly defined. Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and interleukins (IL) promote colony growth in semi-solid media and, when administered in recombinant form, inc...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00765.x
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to examine the effects of treatment with atorvastatin, alpha-tocopherol and the combination of both, on lipoproteins and oxidative stress in dialysis patients. DESIGN AND SETTING:This double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial was performed at the dialysis department of...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01484.x
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Intravenous nitrate therapy has been shown to improve short-term outcome of acute heart failure patients treated in the intensive care unit. The potential of a noninvasive high-dose nitrate strategy in the Emergency Department and the general ward remains unknown. METHODS:A total of 128 consecutive acute he...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02146.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerosis is a silent chronic vascular pathology that is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischaemic events. The evolution of vascular disease involves a combination of endothelial dysfunction, extensive lipid deposition in the intima, exacerbated innate and adaptive immune responses, proliferation of ...
journal_title：Journal of internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/joim.12296
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
