Abstract:
:Hypercapnia-induced arousal from sleep is an important protective mechanism pertinent to a number of diseases. Most notably among these are the sudden infant death syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Serotonin (5-HT) plays a significant role in hypercapnia-induced arousal. The mechanism of 5-HT's role in this protective response is unknown. Here we sought to identify the specific 5-HT receptor subtype(s) involved in this response. Wild-type mice were pretreated with antagonists against 5-HT receptor subtypes, as well as antagonists against adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, dopaminergic, and orexinergic receptors before challenge with inspired CO2 or hypoxia. Antagonists of 5-HT(2A) receptors dose-dependently blocked CO2-induced arousal. The 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist, RS-102221, and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, attenuated but did not completely block CO2-induced arousal. Blockade of non-5-HT receptors did not affect CO2-induced arousal. None of these drugs had any effect on hypoxia-induced arousal. 5-HT2 receptor agonists were given to mice in which 5-HT neurons had been genetically eliminated during embryonic life (Lmx1b(f/f/p)) and which are known to lack CO2-induced arousal. Application of agonists to 5-HT(2A), but not 5-HT(2C), receptors, dose-dependently restored CO2-induced arousal in these mice. These data identify the 5-HT(2A) receptor as an important mediator of CO2-induced arousal and suggest that, while 5-HT neurons can be independently activated to drive CO2-induced arousal, in the absence of 5-HT neurons and endogenous 5-HT, 5-HT receptor activation can act in a permissive fashion to facilitate CO2-induced arousal via another as yet unidentified chemosensor system.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Buchanan GF,Smith HR,MacAskill A,Richerson GBdoi
10.1152/jn.00213.2015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-07-01 00:00:00pages
233-43issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00213.2015journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recent studies have shown that the initial responses evoked by a stimulus in neurons of primary visual cortex are dominated by low spatial frequency information in the image, whereas finer spatial scales dominate later in the response. Such phenomena could arise from the dynamics of receptive field (RF) size at early ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00830.2006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have examined the effects of iontophoresing specific antagonists to excitatory amino acid receptors on the visual responses of cells in lamina A or A1 of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). 2. Cells were classified as On- or Off-center, X or Y, and lagged or nonlagged. The effects of antagonists were stu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.414
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An acute experimental arthritis was induced in the right knee joint of adult cats anesthetized with chloralose, and the activity of single fine afferent units of the medial articular nerve was recorded from filaments of the saphenous nerve. All units included in this study were sensitive to local mechanical probing of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.5.1109
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats the region surrounding the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus was investigated to locate foci with input from the urinary bladder stimulated by application of intravesical pressure. The locations of the recording sites were verified in Nissl-stained histologic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.482
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population spikes vary in size during prolonged epileptic ("ictal") discharges, indicating variations in neuronal synchronization. Here we investigate the role of changes in tissue electrical resistivity in this process. We used the rat hippocampal slice, low-Ca(2+) model of epilepsy and measured changes in pyramidal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00123.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular recordings, in conjunction with fura-2 fluorescence imaging, were used to evaluate the contribution of the different Ca2+ channel subtypes to the Ca2+ influx induced by back-propagating trains of action potentials. High-threshold channels contributed mainly to Ca2+ influx in pyramidal cell somata and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2553
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several previous studies have shown the existence of Up and Down states and have linked their magnitude (e.g., depolarization level) to the size of sensory-evoked responses. Here, we studied how the temporal dynamics of such states influence the sensory-evoked response to vibrissa deflection. Under alpha-chloralose an...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01288.2005
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual object information is conveyed from V1 to area TE along the ventral visual pathway with increasing receptive field (RF) sizes. The RFs of TE neurons are known to be large, but it is largely unknown how large RFs are shaped along the ventral visual pathway. In this study, we addressed this question in two aspect...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00348.2017
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Squirrel monkeys were trained using newly developed visual-vestibular mismatch paradigms to test the asymmetrical simultaneous induction of vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain changes in opposite directions (high and low) either in the upward and downward directions or in response to high- and low-frequency sti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00698.2001
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most of the bulbospinal respiratory neurons, threshold depolarization increased during the early period of their spontaneous burst discharge but decreased again at the end of a burst. In some vagal respiratory neurons, however, threshold depolarization increased steadily until the very end of their discharge period...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.5.1172
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When speed changes during locomotion, both temporal and spatial parameters of the pattern must adjust. Moreover, at slow speeds the step-to-step pattern becomes increasingly variable. The objectives of the present study were to assess if the spinal locomotor network adjusts both temporal and spatial parameters from sl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00419.2015
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pacemaker current of a bursting neuron of Helix pomatia was investigated using voltage-clamp and pressure-injection techniques. In the steady state the net membrane current was zero near threshold of the action potential at -45 mV. Negative to this potential the membrane current was inward and steady. During burst...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.6.1430
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single midbrain neurons were examined for effects of ovarian hormone administration on responsiveness to an array of lordosis-controlling types of somatosensory stimuli in anesthetized, ovariectomized Syrian hamsters. Neuronal responses were recorded under four different hormonal treatment conditions: 1) estradiol ben...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.5.1040
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in many cortical areas involved in visuospatial processing represent remembered spatial information in retinotopic coordinates. During a gaze shift, the retinotopic representation of a target location that is fixed in the world (world-fixed reference frame) must be updated, whereas the representation of a targ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00277.2003
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent physiological recording studies in monkeys have suggested that the frontal eye fields (FEFs) are involved in visual scene analysis even when eye movement commands are not required. We examined this proposed function of the human frontal eye fields during performance of visual search tasks in which difficulty wa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01086.2002
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread noradrenergic innervation in the brain promotes arousal and learning by molecular mechanisms that remain largely undefined. Recent work shows that the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) is linked to the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluA1 via stargazin and PSD-95 (Joiner ML, Lise MF, Yuen EY, Kam ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00374.2011
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the specificity of fusimotor (gamma) drive during locomotion, gamma-efferents were recorded from the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) nerves in a decerebrate cat preparation. These nerves innervate hindlimb muscles that differ in some aspects of their mechanical action. For...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00917.2000
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many sensory brain regions are characterized by extensive local network interactions. However, we know relatively little about the contribution of this microcircuitry to sensory coding. Detailed analyses of neuronal microcircuitry are usually performed in vitro, whereas sensory processing is typically studied by recor...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00145.2013
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral denervation has been shown to cause reorganization of the deafferented somatotopic region in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, the basic mechanisms that underlie reorganization are not well understood. In the experiments described in this paper, a novel in vivo/in vitro preparation of adult rat S1...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00994.2001
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of glutamate into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule can reflexly induce a prolonged increase in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles, however, the characteristics of TMJ afferents activated by glutamate have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2446
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragile X syndrome is produced by a defect in a single X-linked gene, called Fmr1, and is characterized by abnormal dendritic spine morphologies with spines that are longer and thinner in neocortex than those from age-matched controls. Studies using Fmr1 knockout mice indicate that spine abnormalities are especially p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00221.2006
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human motor system regulates arm mechanics to produce stable postures during interactions with different physical environments. This occurs partly via involuntary mechanisms, including stretch reflexes. Previous single-joint studies demonstrated enhanced reflex sensitivity during interactions with compliant enviro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01094.2007
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Using patch-clamp recordings, expression of voltage-activated ion channels by identified glial cells in situ was studied in hippocampal slices derived from 5- to 24-day-old rats. Glial cells were filled with Lucifer yellow during recording, and were identified by staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)....
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1863
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular recording techniques were used to study individual neurons in the cat parasympathetic vesical pelvic ganglion (VPG). 2. Active and passive electrical properties were determined from 140 ganglion cells (35 preparations). 3. Three types of ganglion cells were distinguished. Type I (A and B) cells were n...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.2.343
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neurons within prefrontal cortex exhibit a tonic discharge between visual stimulation and motor response. This delay activity may contribute to movement, memory, and vision. We studied delay activity sent from the frontal eye field (FEF) in prefrontal cortex to the superior colliculus (SC). We evaluated whether t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1673
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previous neurophysiological investigation demonstrated an increase in functional projections of expiratory bulbospinal neurons (EBSNs) in the segment above a chronic lateral thoracic spinal cord lesion that severed their axons. We have now investigated how this plasticity might be manifested in thoracic motoneurons ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00614.2015
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in temperature of up to several degrees have been reported in different brain regions during various behaviors or in response to environmental stimuli. We investigated temperature sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons of the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), an area important for motor and emotional cont...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00066.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beyond being essential for long-term motor-skill development, movement repetition has immediate benefits on performance, increasing speed and accuracy of a second execution. While repetition effects have been reported for single reaching movements, it has yet to be determined whether they also occur for movement seque...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00054.2020
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether visual discrimination in macaque frontal eye field (FEF) is contingent on saccade planning, unit activity was recorded in two monkeys during blocked go and no-go visual search trials. The eye movements made by monkeys after correct no-go trials, in addition to an attenuation of the visual response...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.1046
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play crucial roles in glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity and are involved in a variety of brain functions. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits have been associated with some neuropsychiatric disorders in...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00318.2011
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00