Abstract：
:Genetic and environmental models of neuropsychiatric disease have grown exponentially over the last 20years. One measure that is often used to evaluate the translational relevance of these models to human neuropsychiatric disease is prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. Deficient PPI characterizes several neuropsychiatric disorders but has been most extensively studied in schizophrenia. It has become a useful tool in translational neuropharmacological and molecular genetics studies because it can be measured across species using almost the same experimental parameters. Although initial studies of PPI in rodents were pharmacological because of the robust predictive validity of PPI for antipsychotic efficacy, more recently, PPI has become standard common behavioral measures used in genetic and neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia. Here we review "two hit" models of schizophrenia and discuss the utility of PPI as a tool in phenotyping these models of relevant risk factors. In the review, we consider approaches to rodent models of genetic and neurodevelopmental risk factors and selectively review "two hit" models of gene×environment and environment×environment interactions in which PPI has been measured.
journal_name
Schizophr Resjournal_title
Schizophrenia researchauthors
Khan A,Powell SBdoi
10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-08-01 00:00:00pages
68-83eissn
0920-9964issn
1573-2509pii
S0920-9964(17)30618-7journal_volume
198pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Pharmaceutical companies conduct clinical trials to show the efficacy and safety of new medications for the treatment of schizophrenia. After the new medications are marketed, clinicians treating patients with schizophrenia discover that a considerable number of patients do not respond to these new medicatio...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.020
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The intersect and blurring of boundaries between schizophrenia spectrum disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has long been an area of confusion, in both nosology and clinical practice. Individuals with a comorbid presentation of the two spectra can present with a distinct phenomenological profile to ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.037
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed visuospatial attention in healthy adults and medicated schizophrenic patients. Participants performed a visual orientation task in which a peripheral cue was followed. at different intervals, by a target presented either at valid or invalid locations. When the long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) w...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00044-4
更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabis use may decrease age at onset in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, given the evidence for substantial phenotypic and genetic overlap between both disorders. METHODS:766 patients, aged 16 to 65 years, were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for substance abu...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.07.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior studies of mRNA expression, protein expression, and pathway metabolite levels have implicated dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in the etiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here we investigate whether genes involved in kynurenine pathway regulation might interact with genes that respond to kynure...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2009.05.014
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was a preliminary open clinical trial aimed at exploring the hypothesis that estrogen may provide protection against schizophrenia in women. Eleven women with acute psychotic symptoms, as scored on the BPRS, SAPS and SANS, had 0.02 mg estradiol added to neuroleptic treatment for eight weeks. Their response ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(96)82949-5
更新日期：1996-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Impaired working memory (WM) function in schizophrenia has been associated with abnormal activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). It is, however, not clear whether abnormal activation is a sign of DLPFC pathology, or a correlate of poor performance. We address this question by examining activity in th...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00127-0
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies suggested that African American patients with psychotic disorders receive higher doses of antipsychotic medication than white patients, are more likely to receive depot antipsychotics, and are less likely to be prescribed second-generation antipsychotics. African-American men in particular may be most...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00102-6
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Randomized trials targeting cannabis use disorders in patients with psychosis have generally been unsuccessful. One of the largest such trials was the CapOpus trial, which had an impact on the number of monthly joints used, but not on the number of days with cannabis use or positive or negative symptoms. OB...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.014
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficits in N-methyl-d-aspartate-type (NMDAR) function contribute to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, particularly dysfunction in neuroplasticity, defined as reduced learning during training on exercises that place implicit, increasing demands on early sensory (auditory and visual) information processing. Auditory...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.003
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because previous studies have shown deficits in olfactory identification for male patients with schizophrenia, either withdrawn from or receiving neuroleptic medication, the purpose of the current study was to determine if such deficits occurred in male patients who had never received neuroleptics. A sample of male (n...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(93)90022-b
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of heat shock proteins (HSP) act as molecular chaperones protecting cells from deleterious stress. These proteins are able to inhibit the aggregation of partially denatured proteins and refold them into the correct conformation. They have also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodeg...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.025
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Classifications of psychotic disorders are moving towards utilizing dimensional symptom domains as the preferred mechanism for describing psychotic symptomatology. The ICD-11 has proposed six symptom domains (Positive symptoms, Negative symptoms, Depressive symptoms, Manic symptoms, Psychomotor symptoms, and Cognitive...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.006
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention deficits are considered to be fundamental in patients with schizophrenia. During attention tasks, patients with schizophrenia have been shown to display increased brain activity in some neuroimaging studies but reduced brain activity in others. These conflicting findings may be due to some study designs prim...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.019
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the fractionation of executive functioning performance in ninety patients with schizophrenia, who were tested for initiation, sustained attention, switching/flexibility, attention allocation and impulsivity/disinhibition. The participants were also given tests of general intelligence and memory. We analyse...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2005.08.011
更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia use widely variable assessment techniques. Clinical trials assessing the cognitive enhancing effect of new medications have used neurocognitive assessment batteries that differed in content, length and administration procedures. The Brief Assessment of ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2003.09.011
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:EEG power in the delta, theta and beta1 bands has been shown to be positively correlated with negative symptoms in first episode psychotic patients. The present study investigates this correlation in an "at risk mental state for psychosis" (ARMS) with the aim to improve prediction of transition to psychosi...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.031
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been consistently reported to be elevated in schizophrenia patients. However, it is not known whether cytokines influence the presentation of psychotic symptoms. To address this issue, we evaluated the relationship between levels of inflammatory molecules and psychopathological paramete...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.019
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Affect perception has frequently been shown to be impaired in patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD), but it remains unclear whether these impairments exist during symptomatic remission and whether the two disorders differ from each other in this regard. Most previous studies have investigated ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.019
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate a variety of attentional impairments which have proven difficult to relate to specific neural systems. Posner et al. (1988) reported an asymmetric slowing of right visual field orienting in schizophrenia similar to that observed in patients with parietal lesions. We examined the...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(92)90013-u
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizoaffective patients can have neurocognitive deficits and default mode network dysfunction while being acutely ill. It remains unclear to what extent these abnormalities persist when they go into clinical remission. Memory and executive function were tested in 22 acutely ill schizoaffective patients; they also und...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.017
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder underwent a 5-7 day drug-washout period (with lorazepam allowed) prior to participating in a 6-week controlled dose haloperidol trial. Patients were evaluated longitudinally with clinical ratings and with plasma measures of the catecholam...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(93)90074-s
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cognitive deficits are prominent in schizophrenia and represent promising endophenotypes for genetic research. METHODS:The current study investigated the importance of two conceptually distinct genetic aggregates, one based on copy number variations (uncommon deletion burden), and one based on single nucleo...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.022
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A role for immune processes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has been suggested by genetic and epidemiological studies, as well as cross-sectional studies on blood and brain samples. However, results are heterogeneous, which is likely caused by low samples sizes, insufficient control of confounders that influence ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.028
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Converging lines of evidence implicate structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellum in schizophrenia (SCZ). The cerebellar vermis is of particular interest given its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in SCZ and its known connections with cortical regions such as the prefrontal cort...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.028
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale gene expression studies in schizophrenia (SZ) have generally focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Despite a wealth of evidence implicating multiple other brain regions in the disease, studies of other brain regions have been less frequent and have rarely been performed in the same subjects. We an...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2005.03.020
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to the limitations of analytical techniques and the complicity of schizophrenia, nowadays it is still a challenge to diagnose and stratify schizophrenia patients accurately. Many attempts have been made to identify and validate available biomarkers for schizophrenia from CSF and/or peripheral blood in clinical stu...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.009
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Loneliness is common in people with psychotic disorders and associated with reduced health and well-being. The relationship between loneliness in psychosis and health service use is unclear. This study examined whether loneliness predicts increased health care utilization in this population, independently of...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.059
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mismatch negativity (MNN) and P3a are event related potential (ERP) measures of early sensory information processing. These components are usually conceptualized as being "pre-attentive" and therefore immune to changes with variations in attentional functioning. This study aimed to determine whether manipula...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.035
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are part of a continuum of psychosis. Previous longitudinal studies highlighted a relationship between peripheral inflammation during childhood and onset of PLEs in adulthood. In this study, we tested if this association is mediated by internalising and externalising symptoms experien...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.009
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
