Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Pharmaceutical companies conduct clinical trials to show the efficacy and safety of new medications for the treatment of schizophrenia. After the new medications are marketed, clinicians treating patients with schizophrenia discover that a considerable number of patients do not respond to these new medications. The goals of the review are to examine the methodology and design of recent antipsychotic clinical trials, identify common flaws, and propose guidelines to fix the flaws and improve the quality of future clinical trials of antipsychotic medications. METHODS:A review of recent antipsychotic clinical trials was conducted using a PubMed search. Ten recent trials published in the past four years were reviewed and their methods analyzed and critiqued. RESULTS:The authors identified six major methodological flaws that may explain the suboptimal response in many patients after a drug is approved. Most of the flaws are related to eligibility criteria, the misuse of the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and the lack of consensus on how to define remission, response and exacerbation in schizophrenia. Proposed guidelines for a more rigorous use of the PANSS are presented and recommendations are proposed for using uniform criteria for remission, response and exacerbation in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS:The authors recommend using standardized diagnostic interviews to screen patients for eligibility criteria and using the PANSS according to the author's recommendations and the proposed guidelines. Uniform criteria to define remission, response and exacerbation are recommended for clinical trials examining the efficacy and safety of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia.
journal_name
Schizophr Resjournal_title
Schizophrenia researchauthors
Aboraya A,Leucht S,Nasrallah HA,Samara M,Haro JM,Elshazly A,Zangeneh Mdoi
10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-01 00:00:00pages
123-128eissn
0920-9964issn
1573-2509pii
S0920-9964(17)30139-1journal_volume
190pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Self-referential processing (i.e. linking internal and external stimuli to one's own self) has received scant attention thus far in schizophrenia. This type of processing is a key component of social cognition and thought to be important for adaptive social functioning. Memory studies in healthy subjects hav...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.011
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted data-mining analyses of genome wide association (GWA) studies of the CATIE and MGS-GAIN datasets, and found 13 markers in the two physically linked genes, PTPN21 and EML5, showing nominally significant association with schizophrenia. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that all 7 markers from P...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2011.06.023
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enhancing work function is now widely considered a core element of comprehensive schizophrenia treatment. While research efforts have illuminated factors that influence how well patients perform at work, less is known about the factors influencing the subjective experience of work. It is not known how, and to what ext...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.017
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two reaction time (RT) paradigms were used to study clozapine's effects on sustained and selective attention compared to fluphenazine and placebo in 25 chronic schizophrenic patients. Sensory dominance was studied via simple and choice RTs to lights and tones, and on double-stimulus trials in which the two stimuli wer...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(94)90094-9
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have examined a wide range of risk factors associated with violence among patients with schizophrenia. However, risk factors linked to different socio-cultural backgrounds remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:The objectives were to investigate factors associated with violence among Japanese patients w...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.016
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study explored the relationship between cognitive impairments and their impact on rate of symptom improvement in a 26 week work therapy program. METHOD:Data were abstracted from the archives of 157 outpatients with SCID confirmed DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who partici...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.010
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The guarantee of perceptual coherence for events through everyday life situations depends upon the capacity to correctly integrate series of multi-sensory experiences. Patients with schizophrenia have been shown to reveal a deficit in integrating, i.e., "binding", perceptual information together. However, results in t...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.013
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cannabis use is highly prevalent worldwide and it is associated with psychosis, but its effects on brain structure and cognition are still controversial. The aim of this paper is to investigate cognitive functioning and brain structure in patients with their first episode of psychosis who used Cannabis. We examined gr...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.009
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two previous studies suggested that childhood cat ownership is a possible risk factor for later developing schizophrenia or other serious mental illness. We therefore used an earlier, large NAMI questionnaire to try and replicate this finding. The results were the same, suggesting that cat ownership in childhood is si...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.036
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Symptomatic remission and its associated factors have been evaluated in several studies of younger schizophrenic patients. Although the number of older individuals with schizophrenia is rapidly growing, evaluations of remission in elderly patients are scarce and limited to samples of convenience, questioning...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.09.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies suggest that schizophrenia-related visual perceptual abnormalities are primarily attributed to deficits of the dorsal rather than ventral visual pathway. In this study, we comparatively explored changes in dorsal and ventral networks in schizophrenia patients in both static and dynamic functional conn...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.005
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a 12-week randomized open-label trial, adults diagnosed with schizophrenia experiencing inadequate efficacy and/or poor tolerability on risperidone, olanzapine, or aripiprazole were randomized to switch to iloperidone either gradually (ie, down-titration of current therapy over the first 2weeks [to 50% on Day 1, 25...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.042
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic and environmental models of neuropsychiatric disease have grown exponentially over the last 20years. One measure that is often used to evaluate the translational relevance of these models to human neuropsychiatric disease is prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. D...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.009
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In previous studies of self-monitoring in schizophrenia, patients have exhibited reductions in the amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) elicited most prominently immediately following the execution of incorrect responses. In the current study, we exami...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2007.08.027
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This is a comprehensive study designed to examine the association between specific clusters of neurological abnormalities and several clinically relevant aspects of schizophrenia such as positive and negative symptoms, neurocognitive deficits and psychosocial performance. METHODS:Thirty-seven clinically stab...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00095-3
更新日期：1997-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies often use age-of-first-admission from psychiatric case registers to estimate age-of-onset in schizophrenia. Retrospective, interview-based methods have shown that there is a delay between onset of symptoms and eventual contact with psychiatric services, and that this delay can vary both among i...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(95)00087-9
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Psychotic disorders in childhood and early adolescence often progress to chronic schizophrenia, but in many cases there are diagnosable medical and genetic causes or risk factors. We reviewed our clinical experience and the relevant literature to identify these factors and to define their clinical features, a...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.011
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A disturbance of "minimal self," - of the immediate sense of mine-ness inherent in experience-is hypothesized to be the core disturbance in schizophrenia. Research with the Examination of Anomalous Self Experience (EASE) has demonstrated the selective aggregation of anomalous self-experiences in the schizophrenia spec...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.001
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Planning and executing goal-directed behaviours are critical final steps in translating motivation into action. Amotivation is a key feature of schizophrenia, but its impact on goal-directed functioning has not been extensively studied in an objective and ecologically valid manner. To address this, we investigated goa...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.012
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The right shift (RS) theory (Annett, M., 1972. The distribution of manual asymmetry. Br. J. Psychol. 63, 343-358; Annett, M., 1985. Left, Right, Hand and Brain: The Right Shift Theory. Lawrence Erlbaum, London) suggests that the typical pattern of human cerebral and manual asymmetries depends on a single gene (RS+) wh...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00072-9
更新日期：1999-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Motor abnormalities (MAs) may be already evidenced long before the beginning of illness and are highly prevalent in psychosis. However, the extent to which the whole range of MAs are related to cognitive impairment in psychosis remains understudied. This study aimed to examine comparatively the relationships between t...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.035
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although pharmacologic treatments are available for patients with schizophrenia, little is known about how prescription patterns of atypical antipsychotic agents are related to patient characteristics. In this study, we examined the association between patient characteristics and the likelihood of being initiated on o...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.005
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many children of a schizophrenic parent may inherit a portion of the genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. The frequency of DSM-IV psychopathology in children of a schizophrenic parent and the frequency and type of mental health treatment accessed by these youths is not well understood. Twenty-eight adults with schi...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00043-8
更新日期：2001-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Febrile seizure is a benign condition for most children, but experiments in animals and neuroimaging studies in humans suggest that some febrile seizures may damage the hippocampus, a brain area of possible importance in schizophrenia. METHODS:A population-based cohort of all children born in Denmark betwee...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2004.07.004
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comorbid substance abuse disorders have emerged as one of the greatest obstacles to the effective treatment of persons with schizophrenia. Estimates of the prevalence of such comorbidity vary, but as many as half of persons with schizophrenia may suffer from a comorbid drug or alcohol disorder. Younger age, male gende...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(98)00161-3
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Delusions of control are among the most distinctive and characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. Several theories have been proposed that implicate aberrant communication between spatially disparate brain regions in the etiology of this symptom. Given that white matter fasciculi represent the anatomical inf...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.033
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite robust evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction in psychotic patients, the degree of similarity in cognitive architecture across psychotic disorders and among their respective first-degree relatives is not well delineated. The present study examined the latent factor structure of the Brief Assessment of Cognitio...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.022
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale gene expression studies in schizophrenia (SZ) have generally focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Despite a wealth of evidence implicating multiple other brain regions in the disease, studies of other brain regions have been less frequent and have rarely been performed in the same subjects. We an...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2005.03.020
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to examine the association between illicit substance use and age at onset in psychotic disorders in an Australian cohort. METHODS:Retrospectively acquired information on substance use during the year prior to illness onset was collected from 1642 participants enrolled in the Australian National 201...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.003
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Metabolic abnormalities and weight gain are an important problem in patients with schizophrenia. An instrument to evaluate body image and self-esteem related to weight has recently been developed (B-WISE). The first objective was to evaluate whether the findings of the original validation study could be conf...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.025
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
