Abstract：
:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of receptors of the innate immune system which detect pathogen-associated and danger-associated molecular patterns in order to initiate an inflammatory response. TLR2 and TLR4 downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines that can induce insulin resistance and cardiovascular damage in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In diabetic nephropathy, TLR4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), and NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in the production and persistence of inflammation. The activation of TLRs stimulates the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CCL2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which are associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Different inflammatory mechanisms seem to take place in the early and late stages of diabetic kidney disease, with activation of the innate immunity response and enhanced chemiotactic effects in native kidney cells at an early stage, followed by tubulointerstitial monocyte infiltration at a more advanced disease state. Overall, available data indicate that the upregulated TLR4 response in the kidney translates the metabolic alterations of diabetes into kidney damage.
journal_name
J Nephroljournal_title
Journal of nephrologyauthors
Garibotto G,Carta A,Picciotto D,Viazzi F,Verzola Ddoi
10.1007/s40620-017-0432-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-01 00:00:00pages
719-727issue
6eissn
1121-8428issn
1724-6059pii
10.1007/s40620-017-0432-8journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Stenoses of vascular accesses are leading factors limiting access survival. Besides physical examination, screening of access stenoses is based mainly on the "dysfunction hypothesis", which states that progressive stenosis causes graft dysfunction, such as decreased flow. We tested whether Doppler ultrasonog...
journal_title：Journal of nephrology
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40620-019-00683-2
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40620-018-0529-8
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5301/jn.5000092
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40620-017-0421-y
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40620-015-0243-8
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
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doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
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doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5301/JN.2011.7740
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40620-017-0448-0
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of nephrology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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