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A Comparison between Clinical and Metabolic Features of Renal Calyceal Microlithiasis and Overt Urolithiasis in Different Pediatric Age Groups.

Abstract：

INTRODUCTION:This study assesses the differences in the presentations, complications and metabolic abnormalities of children with renal calyceal microlithiasis (RCM) and overt urolithiasis in different pediatric ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 465 children with urolithiasis were investigated retrospectively. Patients were categorized based on their ages to infancy, early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. When the hyperechogenic spots on ultrasound imaging were <3 mm, they were considered RCM, and if they were ≥3 mm, they were considered overt urolithiasis. RESULTS:Metabolic abnormalities were detected in 71%; hyperuricosuria in infants, hyperoxaluria in younger children and hypocitraturia in older children were the most common metabolic abnormalities. Hypercalciuria was the only metabolic abnormality that was significantly associated with overt urolithiasis in all pediatric ages (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.21-4.19). The clinical presentations were not significantly different between RCM and overt urolithiasis; however, complications such as urinary tract infection was significantly higher with overt urolithiasis in infancy (p = 0.01), early childhood (p = 0.02), middle childhood (p = 0.007) and adolescence (p = 0.01). Also, growth retardation was significantly higher with overt urolithiasis in infancy and early childhood (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:Most children with urolithiasis have underlying urinary metabolic abnormalities that differ according to the child's age. Despite these differences, hypercalciuria is significantly associated with overt urolithiasis in all pediatric ages. Clinical and laboratory features cannot differentiate RCM and overt urolithiasis; however, complications are significantly higher with overt urolithiasis.

journal_name

Urol Int

journal_title

Urologia internationalis

authors

Fahimi D,Habibi Zoham M,Sheikh M,Salabati M,Ghazanfari A,Firouzi M,Honarmand M

doi

10.1159/000441126

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-01-01 00:00:00

pages

91-8

issue

eissn

0042-1138

issn

1423-0399

pii

000441126

journal_volume

pub_type

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A Comparison between Clinical and Metabolic Features of Renal Calyceal Microlithiasis and Overt Urolithiasis in Different Pediatric Age Groups.