Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Agricultural use of antimicrobials in subtherapeutic concentrations is increasing in response to the rising demand for food animal products worldwide. In India, the use of antimicrobials in food animal production is unregulated. Research suggests that many clinically important antimicrobials are used indiscriminately. This is the largest study to date in India that surveys poultry production to test for antimicrobial resistance and the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) modulated by farming and managerial practices. OBJECTIVES:Our goal was to survey poultry production for resistance to eleven clinically relevant antimicrobials and phenotypic occurrence of ESBLs as modulated by farming and managerial practices. METHODS:Eighteen poultry farms from Punjab were surveyed, and 1,556 Escherichia coli isolates from 530 birds were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method and validated using VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy-L’Étoile, France). Samples from 510 of these birds were phenotypically tested for ESBL production using the combination disk method and confirmed using VITEK 2. Generalized linear mixed models were used to infer differences in resistance profiles associated with different farming practices and facility types. RESULTS:Resistance profiles were significantly different between broiler and layer farms. Broiler farms were 2.2 [ampicillin (AMP), p=0.017] to 23 [nalidixic acid (NX), p<0.001] times more likely to harbor resistant E. coli strains than layer farms. Adjusting for farm type (broiler vs. layer), the odds of resistance (although not statistically significant) to all antimicrobials except nitrofurantoin (NIT) were higher in independent facilities (IUs) as compared to contracted facilities (CFs). Increased prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR; 94% compared to 60% in layers), including prevalence of ESBL-producing strains (87% compared to 42% in layers), was observed in broiler farms. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that unregulated use of clinically relevant antimicrobials in Indian broiler and layer farms may contribute to the emergence of resistance and support the need to curb the nontherapeutic use of medically important antimicrobials in food animal production. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP292.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Brower CH,Mandal S,Hayer S,Sran M,Zehra A,Patel SJ,Kaur R,Chatterjee L,Mishra S,Das BR,Singh P,Singh R,Gill JPS,Laxminarayan Rdoi
10.1289/EHP292subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-20 00:00:00pages
077015issue
7eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924pii
EHP292journal_volume
125pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Maternal factors are implicated in the onset of childhood asthma. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes into pro-allergic T-helper 2 cells induces interleukin (IL)4 expression and inhibits interferon (IFN)γ expression accompanied by concordant methylation changes in the promoters of these genes. Howeve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103744
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP167
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8665199
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.02110939
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107633
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8456213
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7234
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205281
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866997
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7932297
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002666
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s61445
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901252
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350293
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00