Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Comorbid ADHD symptoms may partly account for circadian rhythm disturbances in depression and anxiety disorders. METHODS:Self-reported sleep characteristics of 2090 participants in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. We defined 3 groups: healthy controls (HC), persons with lifetime depression and/or anxiety disorders (LDA), and those with both LDA and high ADHD symptoms (LDA+ADHD), using the Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scale. RESULTS:Sleep characteristics were least favorable in the LDA+ADHD group. Important group differences between LDA+ADHD, LDA and HC were found for extremely late chronotype (12% vs. 5% vs. 3%; p<.001), sleep duration <6h (15% vs. 5% vs. 4%; p<.001), and for an indication of the Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS; 16% vs. 8% vs. 5%; p<.001). After adjustment for covariates, including depression and anxiety, presence of ADHD symptoms increased the odds ratio for late chronotype (OR=2.6; p=.003), indication of DSPS (OR=2.4; p=.002), and sleep duration <6h (OR=2.7; p=.007). LIMITATIONS:ADHD conceptually overlaps with symptom presentation of depression and anxiety. We used a cross-sectional study design, and used self reported sleep characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:High ADHD symptoms were associated with an increased rate of circadian rhythm sleep disturbances in an already at-risk population of people with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, as often seen in ADHD are not entirely due to any comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorder. Adequate treatment of such sleep problems is needed and may prevent serious health conditions in the long term.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Bron TI,Bijlenga D,Kooij JJ,Vogel SW,Wynchank D,Beekman AT,Penninx BWdoi
10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
74-81eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(16)30607-3journal_volume
200pub_type
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