Abstract:
:Lasers and light-emitting diodes are used for a range of biomedical applications with many studies reporting their beneficial effects. However, three main concerns exist regarding much of the low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation literature; (1) incomplete, inaccurate and unverified irradiation parameters, (2) miscalculation of 'dose,' and (3) the misuse of appropriate light property terminology. The aim of this systematic review was to assess where, and to what extent, these inadequacies exist and to provide an overview of 'best practice' in light measurement methods and importance of correct light measurement. A review of recent relevant literature was performed in PubMed using the terms LLLT and photobiomodulation (March 2014-March 2015) to investigate the contemporary information available in LLLT and photobiomodulation literature in terms of reporting light properties and irradiation parameters. A total of 74 articles formed the basis of this systematic review. Although most articles reported beneficial effects following LLLT, the majority contained no information in terms of how light was measured (73%) and relied on manufacturer-stated values. For all papers reviewed, missing information for specific light parameters included wavelength (3%), light source type (8%), power (41%), pulse frequency (52%), beam area (40%), irradiance (43%), exposure time (16%), radiant energy (74%) and fluence (16%). Frequent use of incorrect terminology was also observed within the reviewed literature. A poor understanding of photophysics is evident as a significant number of papers neglected to report or misreported important radiometric data. These errors affect repeatability and reliability of studies shared between scientists, manufacturers and clinicians and could degrade efficacy of patient treatments. Researchers need a physicist or appropriately skilled engineer on the team, and manuscript reviewers should reject papers that do not report beam measurement methods and all ten key parameters: wavelength, power, irradiation time, beam area (at the skin or culture surface; this is not necessarily the same size as the aperture), radiant energy, radiant exposure, pulse parameters, number of treatments, interval between treatments and anatomical location. Inclusion of these parameters will improve the information available to compare and contrast study outcomes and improve repeatability, reliability of studies.
journal_name
Lasers Med Scijournal_title
Lasers in medical scienceauthors
Hadis MA,Zainal SA,Holder MJ,Carroll JD,Cooper PR,Milward MR,Palin WMdoi
10.1007/s10103-016-1914-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
789-809issue
4eissn
0268-8921issn
1435-604Xpii
10.1007/s10103-016-1914-yjournal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Third-degree burn wounds are considered severe injuries because they destroy all the skin layers and may affect subcutaneous tissues, fasciae, muscles, and bones. To favor the healing process of the injured tissues, it is very useful to diminish the occurrence of the inflammatory process. The present study was aimed a...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-012-1213-1
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laser therapy is able to modulate cell metabolism and accelerate the repair of fracture. Little attention has been given to the effect of laser on bone with osteopenia or osteoporosis. The purpose of our study was to verify the effect of laser therapy in combination with bisphosphonate on osteopenic bone structure. Th...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-008-0568-9
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a well-known potential side effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy; the primary objective of the treatment should be to improve patient quality of life through pain and infection management, to prevent the development of new lesions, and to slow disease progressio...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10103-016-1929-4
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate some parameters of dental etching when irradiated with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. One-hundred sound human third molars were selected and randomly distributed into ten groups (n = 10). The class V cavities of group 1 (control) w...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-008-0623-6
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and to identify the viscoelastic properties: storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E"), tangent delta (tan δ), and glass transition temperature (T g ) of a microhybrid resin-composite light-activated by three different protocols. A Filtek Z250 (3 M ESPE...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-014-1572-x
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by damage to the nervous system due to reactive oxygen spices (ROS) increase, antioxidants reduction, ATP production imbalance, and induction of apoptosis. In this investigation, we applied low-level laser 660 nm (photobiomodulation therapy) as a new strategy to modulate pain. In order ...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-016-2062-0
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of laser treatment on shear bond strength of a self-adhesive flowable resin composite to human dentin. Eighty extracted sound human molar teeth were used for the study. The teeth were sectioned mesiodistally and embedded in acrylic blocks. The dentin surfaces w...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-012-1158-4
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistant non-segmental vitiligo is difficult to be treated. Ablative erbium-YAG (Er:YAG) laser has been used in the treatment of vitiligo, but the ablation of entire epidermis frustrated the compliance of patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fractional Er:YAG laser followed by topical ...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-017-2282-y
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess, by means of Raman spectroscopy, the repair of complete surgical tibial fractures fixed with wire osteosynthesis (WO) treated or not with infrared laser (λ780 nm) or infrared light emitting diode (LED) (λ850 ± 10 nm) lights, 142.8 J/cm2 per treatment, associated or not to the...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-018-2508-7
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on erythrocyte hemolysis were studied. Erythrocytes are prone to be easily damaged with hemolysis under laser irradiation. It was found that the power density (PD) of laser irradiation, but not the total irradiation power, is the crucial parameter for the hemolysis. Under irradia...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-004-0320-z
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional needle cricothyroidotomy procedure is performed blindly without any medical equipment. Complications including posterior tracheal wall perforation, accidental vessel puncture, and missed tracheal puncture are reported. Therefore, we proposed a dual-wavelength fiber-optic technique based on the techniqu...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-020-03065-4
更新日期:2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of agitation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with diode laser at different agitation times on root dentin microhardness. Eighty-four specimens were divided randomly into seven groups, as follows: (1) distilled water, (2) 17% EDTA, (3) EDTA with 60 s ultrasonic a...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-013-1364-8
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the application of Q-switched lasers on nevus of Ota (OTA) is well demonstrated, debates about clinical option between Q-switched alexandrite laser (QSA) and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNY) still remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the overall successful rate of OTA pigment clearance and...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s10103-016-1885-z
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis were lately reported as novel side effects of laser-assisted removal of axillary hair. The goal of our study was to evaluate the reversibility of these two side effects. An observational, single-center cohort study included over a 30-month screening period 30 patients with newly reported...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-013-1404-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Papacarie Duo™ is clinically used and has proven effectiveness; however, it is necessary to improve its antimicrobial action. The combined treatment of Papacarie Duo™ with Urucum (Bixa Orellana) could create a potential tool for dental caries treatment; its extract obtained from the seeds' pericarp contains a water-so...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02857-7
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene is volatile organic hydrocarbon which is widely used in a wide range of industries. Studies have shown that exposure to benzene consequences serious health risks for human. Understanding the effect and risks of environmental hazard materials in the laser therapy of skin is interesting which can show useful or ...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-020-03211-y
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of 2940-nm Er:YAG laser treatment combined with a 5% amorolfine lacquer versus amorolfine monotherapy for treating onychomycosis. In this study, patients with onychomycosis of the great toe...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s10103-020-03054-7
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) induces anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities in wound healing. However, the mechanism of action and optimal parameters require further clarification. In this study, we investigated the effects of LLLT on wound healing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 immunoexpression and angiogeni...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-016-2080-y
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bothropic venom contains a range of biologically active substances capable of causing severe local and systemic envenoming symptomatology within its victims. The snake anti-venom is effective against systemic effects but has no neutralizing effect against the fast developing local effects. Herein, mice gastrocnemius i...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-017-2252-4
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This in vitro study evaluated the role of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on viability and migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its association to epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation. The hDPSCs were characterized and assigned into control and PBMT groups. For the PBMT, five laser irr...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02931-0
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Nd:YAG laser efficacy associated with conventional treatment for bacterial reduction has been investigated throughout literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial reduction after Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated with scaling and root planning in class II furcation defects in patients with...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s10103-007-0482-6
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotics and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are widely employed in curing acne. However, antibiotics as an effective treatment would lead to bacterial resistance and severe side effects. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel TBO hydrogel, which could prolong the retention time of photosensitizer (TBO) at the lesio...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02727-2
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to verify the maximum number of repetitions, fatigue index, blood lactate concentration ([Lac]), and cardiac autonomic responses after LED irradiation (LEDI) in the ipsilateral and contralateral limb. Twelve male subjects (22.0 ± 3.86 years; weight 82.94 ± 12.58 kg; height 1.77 ± 0.05 m), phy...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s10103-017-2391-7
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to evaluate the surface changes caused in zirconia by different surface treatments and the influence of the surface treatment and cement selection on bonding to zirconia under aging. Sintered zirconia specimens were divided into five groups (n = 31) based on the surface treatment, namely, control, air...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-012-1221-1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report results on the use of organically modified silica nanoparticles (SiNp) as a vehicle for the delivery of curcumin in human oral cancer cells for improvement of uptake and phototoxicity. Nanoformulated drug (curcumin-SiNp complex) was prepared by postloading curcumin in SiNp, and the complex was soluble in aqu...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-013-1357-7
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) in remodeling the extracellular matrix of aged skin had been proven by an increasing number of clinical trials. However, because of the lack of research about the underlying molecular and signaling mechanisms, its efficiency had not been accepted universally. A potential mech...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-010-0870-1
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outpatient laser ablation of palatine tonsils is a very interesting procedure that has been recently introduced as a routine in head and neck surgery departments. The aim of this study was to describe a new strategy using a Doppler-guided fibre optic neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) laser to remove up to 80 % ...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-012-1140-1
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial freckles are a cosmetic concern to Egyptians, particularly young females. Several therapeutic lines exist with variable response rates and limitations. Fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser provides minimal ablation and therefore less down time and less side effects. The efficacy and safety of this laser techn...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-014-1610-8
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we compared the microleakage of composite fillings cured with halogen bulb, LED and argon ion laser (488 nm). Twenty-four extracted human molars were divided randomly in three groups. Six cavities were prepared on the coronal part of each tooth. Standard cavities (1.7 x 2 mm) were prepared. Cavities wer...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-007-0504-4
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammation is a major mediator of damage and loss of function and is regulated primarily by the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level light stimulation is known to have anti-inflammatory effects and has previously been used in the treatment of SCI...
journal_title:Lasers in medical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02941-y
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00