Abstract:
:Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both women and men. Emerging evidence supports that ischemic heart disease (IHD) may manifest differently in women and men, in ways ranging from the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of disease to the basic biology and biomechanics of cardiomyocyte function and the coronary circulation. Women consistently present with a higher burden of symptoms and comorbidities as compared with men and experience worse outcomes. These data have proved perplexing given the decreased likelihood of women to demonstrate obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography. Reported sex differences have long been influenced by the practice of defining heart disease primarily as obstructive CAD, but obstructive plaque is now recognized as neither necessary nor sufficient to explain symptoms of IHD, and it is no longer adequate to tailor diagnostic and treatment strategies only to this subset of patients. To date, women remain underrepresented in guideline-changing heart disease research and trials, creating important limitations in the evidence base for cardiovascular medicine. Smaller epicardial coronary arteries in women as compared to men, coupled with differences in shear stress and inflammatory mediators over the life span, may modify the development of CAD in susceptible patients into a diffuse pattern with more contribution from coronary vasomotor dysfunction than focal obstruction. Newer studies corroborate that symptomatic women are more likely than men to present with nonobstructive CAD and coronary microvascular dysfunction. When present, these processes increase cardiovascular risk in both women and men but may constitute an especially malignant phenotype in a subset of severely affected women, with implications for the management of not only CAD but also heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This represents a state-of-the-art review of sex differences in the coronary system, with an eye toward how diverse pathophysiological processes may contribute to IHD phenotypes prevalent in women and men. Beyond providing women and men with equitable optimal care according to current paradigms, understanding the pathophysiology of IHD beyond a conventional focus on obstructive CAD is needed to address what is likely a combination of biological as well as environmental determinants of their prognosis.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Taqueti VRdoi
10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_17subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
257-278eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1065pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDA), comprising the substanti nigra pars compacta (A8), the ventral tegmental area (A9) and the retrorubal field (A10) subgroups, are generated from floor plate progenitors, rostral to the isthmic boundary. Floor plate progenitors are specified to become mDA progenitors between embryoni...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0322-8_5
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)), a potentially important parameter in clinical practice, can be measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Various devices use the multi-distance approach based on the diffusion approximation of the radiative transport equation [1, 2]. When determining the absorption coefficient (...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_24
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Immunological quantitation of the HPRT proteins, together with DNA and RNA studies have defined further the heterogeneous nature of HPRT-deficiency in our patients. 2. These studies have dictated possible approaches for further characterisation of the HPRT enzyme in our patients. In the two Lesch-Nyhan patients, bo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5673-8_24
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences between serum and plasma complement, which now is called as the cold activation of complement, was investigated in relation with the phenomenon reported as the cold promoted activation of factor VII, to which kallikrein and Hageman factor are known to participate. Despite the presence of several similariti...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our studies highlight the importance of dietary vitamin A (retinol) and other retinoids in maintaining normal cervical cell function and in inhibiting the growth of cervical tumors. Based on our results we conclude that 1) HPV 16-immortalization enhances cervical cell sensitivity to retinoids, 2) cytokeratin expressio...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5643-1_30
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5107-5_10
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors are cytosoluble proteins detectable in a variety of tissues responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3. They are DNA binding-proteins analogous to other steroid receptors and it is this functional property which is likely involved in the activation of hormone-sensitive genes. Utilizing 1,25(OH)2D3 an...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5101-6_25
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured preretinal oxygen tensions using a microelectrode in dogs made diabetic with alloxan. The intravenous administration of insulin did not affect preretinal oxygen tension over the two hours it could be continuously accurately measured. Furthermore, the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curves measured before and...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1188-1_60
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoreceptor survival depends on the integrity of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The pathophysiology of several retinal degenerations involves oxidative stress-mediated injury and RPE cell death; in some instances it has been shown that this event is mediated by A2E and its epoxides. Photoreceptor outer segm...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/0-387-32442-9_74
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prevalence of zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis (bTB) disease in human population is underreported from the North of Pakistan. Here, we report on the proportion of human bTB disease among the overall TB patients, drug resistance pattern of bTB isolates, and knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP)-based analysis of bTB dis...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2018_170
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central nervous system diseases include brain or spinal cord impairments and may result in movement disorders almost always manifested by paralyzed muscles with preserved innervations and therefore susceptible to be activated by electrical stimulation. Functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling is an app...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_26
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoiesis is a complex and strongly regulated process. In case of regenerative pressure, efficient recovery of blood cell counts is crucial for survival of an individual. We propose a quantitative mathematical model of white blood cell formation based on the following cell parameters: (1) proliferation rate, (2) s...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_17
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report that rat RT6.2 and recombinant mouse Rt6 locus 1 proteins possess auto-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and that Rt6, but not RT6, catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of exogenous histones. Based on NH2OH sensitivity, it appeared that the ADP-ribose was attached to arginine residues on proteins. We also observed t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasticity, the ability to undergo lasting changes in response to a stimulus, is an important attribute of neurons. It allows proper development and underlies learning, memory, and the recovery of the nervous system after severe injuries. Often, an outcome of neuronal plasticity is a structural plasticity manifested a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_12
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established clinical technique that measures diffusion-weighted signals, applied primarily in brain studies. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique that uses the diffusion-weighted signals to obtain information about tissue connectivity, which recently started to become es...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_12
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic effects of COPD lead to cardiovascular co-morbidities, muscle wasting and osteoporosis that, in turn, lead to inactivity and physical deconditioning. This evolution has a direct influence on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients suffering from this respiratory disease. Pharmacological therapy...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_24
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collagen type I is the most abundant matrix protein in the human body and is highly demanded in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. To meet the uprising demand in biomedical applications, collagen type I has been isolated from mammalians (bovine, porcine, goat and rat) and non-m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_32
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respiratory network is sensitive to both chemical and mechanosensory feedback and exhibits considerable plasticity when exposed to repeated respiratory perturbations. One example of respiratory plasticity is long-term facilitation (LTF) - a long-term enhancement in respiratory activity induced by intermittent hypo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_61
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Further to explore the functions of carboxypeptidase N (CPN) in vivo, we undertook two studies to find CPN inhibitors of high potency and relatively long duration of action. In each study we examined for inhibition of hydrolysis of [3H]benzoyl-Ala-Arg using pure bovine serum CPN or human serum. In the first such study...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute leukaemia is the major subtype of paediatric cancer with a cumulative risk of 1 in 2000 for children up to the age of 15 years. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a biologically and clinically diverse disease with distinctive subtypes; multiple chromosomal translocations exist within the subtypes a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool to edit the genome. Among many applications, the system generates the exciting possibility of engineering small and large portions of chromosomes to induce a variety of structural alterations such as deletions, inversions, insertions and inter-chromosomal transloca...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_4
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rates of ethanol oxidation in various species are linked to the rates of general metabolism, and more specifically that of O2 utilization by the liver. After chronic ethanol administration, increased oxidation of ethanol is accompanied by increased total hepatic O2 utilization, as studied in the whole animal, the ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5181-6_22
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor cells usually express antigens which are distinguishable from normal "self" antigens and are thereby recognized by the host immune system. However, the host immune system barely responds to tumors in patients. Supplementation with adjuvant (such as BCG-CWS) in patients with cancer contributes to regression of in...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/0-306-46817-4_21
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer great promise in the areas of disease modeling, basic research, drug development, and regenerative medicine. Much of their value comes from the fact that they can be used to create otherwise inaccessible cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, which are genetically matched to a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2019_350
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The active components in cloves are eugenol and isoeugenol. Eugenol has recently become a focus of interest because of its potential role in alleviating and preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, inflammatory reactions, and other conditions. The radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of eugenol have ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_3
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter represents a novel view of modeling in hematopoiesis, synthesizing both deterministic and stochastic approaches. Whereas the stochastic models work in situations where chance dominates, for example when the number of cells is small, or under random mutations, the deterministic models are more important fo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_7
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bryophytes are small land plants that have many morphological and physiological features different from vascular plants. With distinct water relations of bryophytes, many bryophyte species exhibit high degrees of tolerance to freezing and desiccation. The tolerance is sustained by the constitutive repair mechanism and...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_10
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00