Abstract:
:Acute leukaemia is the major subtype of paediatric cancer with a cumulative risk of 1 in 2000 for children up to the age of 15 years. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a biologically and clinically diverse disease with distinctive subtypes; multiple chromosomal translocations exist within the subtypes and each carries its own prognostic relevance. The most common chromosome translocation observed is the t(12;21) that results in an in-frame fusion between the first five exons of ETV6 (TEL) and almost the entire coding region of RUNX1 (AML1).The natural history of childhood ALL is almost entirely clinically silent and is well advanced at the point of diagnosis. It has, however, been possible to backtrack this process through molecular analysis of appropriate clinical samples: (i) leukaemic clones in monozygotic twins that are either concordant or discordant for ALL; (ii) archived neonatal blood spots or Guthrie cards from individuals who later developed leukaemia; and (iii) stored, viable cord blood cells.Here, we outline our studies on the aetiology and pathology of childhood ALL that provide molecular evidence for a monoclonal, prenatal origin of ETV6-RUNX1+ leukaemia in monozygotic identical twins. We provide mechanistic support for the concept that altered patterns of infection during early childhood can deliver the necessary promotional drive for the progression of ETV6-RUNX1+ pre-leukaemic cells into a postnatal overt leukaemia.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Ford AM,Greaves Mdoi
10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_14subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
217-228eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
962pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by a CAG-polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Unlike other polyQ diseases, where the function of the native causative protein is unknown, the biology of AR is well understood, and this knowledg...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_5
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this chapter, we intend to review gene therapy concepts applied to the potential treatment of tyrosinemia for parents and pediatricians. Therefore, our main objective is to give general informations in a comprehensible manner. Considering the nature of tyrosinemia and the current state of technology, a particular f...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55780-9_21
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recruitment of monocytes from the peripheral vasculature to an area of chronic inflammation is a complex phenomenon. This complicated process is likely mediated to a large extent by chemotactic cytokines that are expressed via a cytokine cascade. A number of chronic diseases that are difficult to manage are charac...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6009-4_8
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During central nervous system (CNS) development, a complex series of events play out, starting with the establishment of neural progenitor cells, followed by their asymmetric division and formation of lineages and the differentiation of neurons and glia. Studies in the Drosophila melanogaster embryonic CNS have reveal...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34436-8_3
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nurses serve a valuable role in the healthcare industry. Nurses are trained with the skills and knowledge to thrive in a fast-paced, evolving environment. In order to meet the complex and diverse needs of patients, nurses must be able to assess and prioritize care to produce safe and high-quality outcomes. Simulation ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06070-1_1
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soluble natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) have been detected in the supernatant of normal mouse, rat, and human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro for 1 to 3 days in serum-free medium. Stimulation of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with NK-sensitive targets or mitogens has resulted in high levels of NKCF productio...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8326-0_14
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We applied a theoretical model of muscle tissue O2 transport to investigate the effects of flow redistribution on rat soleus muscle oxygenation. The situation chosen was the anaerobic threshold where redistribution of flow is expected to have the largest impact. In the basic situation all capillaries received an equal...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85998-9_9
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of viral RNA replication in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells was studied by oligonucleotide mapping of every mRNA. We discovered that an oligonucleotide, No. 10, was localized at the 5'-end of every mRNA, and was not colinear with the sequences of the virion genomic RNA. This result indicates t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9373-7_19
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microarray technology demands the development of algorithms capable of extracting novel and useful patterns like biclusters. A bicluster is a submatrix of the gene expression datamatrix such that the genes show highly correlated activities across all conditions in the submatrix. A measure called Mean Squared Residue (...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3_21
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been critical in advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of numerous retinal disorders. Many of these retinal disorders have no effective treatment and result in severe visual impairment and even blindness. Among the retinal degenerativ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_91
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To develop an osteochondral tissue regeneration strategy it is extremely important to take into account the multiscale organization of the natural extracellular matrix. The structure and gradients of organic and inorganic components present in the cartilage and bone tissues must be considered together. Another critica...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transient length response of the cat papillary muscle in Ba2+-contracture to step tension reduction was found to comprise four different phases. It is tentatively suggested that the transient response is mostly determined by the kinetics of the attachment and detachment of cross-bridges between actin and myosin fi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4703-3_82
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that in potato chip and French fry models, the formation of acrylamide can be reduced by controlling pH during processing steps, either by organic (acidulants) or inorganic acids. Use of phytate, a naturally occurring chelator, with or without Ca++ (or divalent ions), can reduce acrylamide forma...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/0-387-24980-X_26
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter overviews roles of DNA methylation in inflammatory cell biology with the focuses on lymphocytes and macrophages/monocytes in lung diseases, although the molecular mechanisms by which target genes are methylated and regulated in lung diseases remain unclear. Most of epigenetic studies on DNA methylation of...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_5
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein associations represent the building blocks of biological systems. The classification of different types of protein association is fundamental to an understanding of the interactions they exhibit. A protein association can be classified as homo- (identical components) or hetero- (non-identical component...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3229-6_3
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is perhaps the most common cause of inherited sudden death in otherwise healthy young individuals. There are presently seven known genes in which mutations have been shown to cause the disease. The first identified disease gene was beta myosin heavy chain (BMHC). Our laboratory has id...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6039-1_13
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) is a novel prenatal therapeutic alternative for the treatment of congenital anomalies. It is based upon the principle of augmenting the pre-existing biological role of select populations of fetal stem cells for targeted therapeutic benefit. For example, amniotic fluid-derived ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2019_416
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long term steroid therapy is complicated by osteoporosis and generalised thinning of the skin. These two complications of long term corticosteroid therapy were routinely assessed at the Menopause Clinic of St. Luke's Hospital, Medical School, University of Malta. METHODS:A cross sectional study was performe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_65
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surfactants are chemically synthesized surface-active compounds widely used for large number of applications in various industries. During last few years there is increase demand of biological surface-active compounds or biosurfactants which are produced by large number of microorganisms as they exert biodegradability...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_11
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The world is facing an ever-increasing problem with antibiotic resistant bacteria and we are rapidly heading for a post-antibiotic era. There is an urgent need to investigate alterative treatment options while there are still a few antibiotics left. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically target bacteria. Before ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1777-0_7
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological and psychophysical effects of combined flow resistive loads were studied systematically by using the Multistage Evaluation Scale (MES), determining the number of Just Noticeable Difference (JND) steps, and constructing equivalent resistive-load-sensation contours. During combined resistive loading, t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cannabis sativa plant has been used medicinally and recreationally for thousands of years, but recently only relatively some of its constituents have been identified. There are more than 550 chemical compounds in cannabis, with more than 100 phytocannabinoids being identified, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (TH...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_1
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a key anabolic growth factor stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling which is well known for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, the role of IGF-1 in muscle atrophy is less clear. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms via which IGF-1 signa...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volume changes arising from the sorption of water by three starches have been determined by dilatometry. By a recently described method, parameters of the G.A.B. equation have been used to resolve the volume changes into contributions from strongly sorbed water molecules in contact with the surface and from weakly sor...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0664-9_20
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of Ca2+ dissociation rate from TnC and decreased cross-bridge detachment rate on the time course of relaxation induced by flash photolysis of diazo-2 in rabbit skinned psoas fibers was investigated at 15 degrees C. A TnC mutant (M82Q TnC) that exhibited increased Ca2+ sensitivity caused by a decreased Ca...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_51
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years, the nuclear envelope was viewed as a passive barrier that separates the genetic material in the nucleus from the cytoplasm of the cell and permits regulated trafficking of various molecules through the nuclear pores. Research in the past two decades has shown that the nuclear envelope is a complex cell...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_10
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor microenvironment plays a determining role in cancer development through a plethora of interactions between the extracellular matrix and tumor cells. Decorin is a prototype member of the SLRP family found in a variety of tissues and is expressed in the stroma of various forms of cancer. Decorin has gained rec...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_2
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considering the devastating effects of neurodegenerative disorders and the increasing number of people affected by them, an early diagnosis even presymptomatic, prior to serious mental deterioration is necessary. Therefore, screening for biomarkers, especially glycolipids, in the biological matrices, either tissues or...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_42
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses and their protein capsids can be regarded as biologically evolved nanomachines able to perform multiple, complex biological functions through coordinated mechano-chemical actions during the infectious cycle. The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened up, in the last 10 years or so, a vast number o...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_5
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria have long been known to be critical for cell survival due to their role in energy metabolism. However, not until the mid-1990s did it become evident that mitochondria are also active participants in programmed cell death (PCD). This chapter focuses mainly on the role the mitochondria in mammalian cell dea...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00