Abstract:
:Considering the devastating effects of neurodegenerative disorders and the increasing number of people affected by them, an early diagnosis even presymptomatic, prior to serious mental deterioration is necessary. Therefore, screening for biomarkers, especially glycolipids, in the biological matrices, either tissues or body fluids has proven to be of a great help in establishing an early diagnosis of the disease.The present chapter, divided into three parts, highlights the implementation and modern applications of the most avant-garde mass spectrometry (MS) techniques characterized by speed, sensitivity and data accuracy for de novo identification and monitoring of glycolipids with potential biomarker role. The first section reviews the etiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, as well as the current diagnostic methods for four of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders: Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and fronto-temporal dementia. The second section is dedicated to the role of glycolipids as biomarkers of these severe conditions. In the last part of the chapter, the state of the art in terms of mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of extremely valuable glycolipid biomarkers is described in detail. The proficiency of the MS, to be considered as and further developed into a routine method for early detection of neurodegenerative disorders, is also emphasized in the chapter.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Dehelean L,Sarbu M,Petrut A,Zamfir ADdoi
10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_42subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
703-729eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1140pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Histamine is one ofthe most versatile biogenic amines with multiple roles during the immune response and in allergic disorders. With four distinct G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, HER, H3R and H4R), intracellular histamine binding sites (most likely members of the cytochrome P450 family) as well as a membrane transpo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8056-4_9
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a syndrome classically occurring in children during the convalescent phase from a febrile upper respiratory tract infection, most commonly after influenza B. BACM can cause difficulty walking due to severe calf pain. Laboratory results show increased serum creatinine kinase an...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2017_79
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead (Pb2+) is a developmental neurotoxicant that causes lifelong cognitive dysfunctions. In particular, Pb2+-induced frontoexecutive dysfunctions emerge later in life when the cortex is fully myelinated, thereby permitting the ability to assess the extent to which Pb2+ has developmentally impacted higher order cognit...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_70
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether altered renal medullary prostaglandin (PG) synthesis is involved in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we compared the capacity of PGE2 synthesis in cultured renal papillary collecting tubule cells from young (4-week-old) and aged (16-week-old) SHR and cont...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9546-5_83
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS) system is difficult to make a measurement into 10 s or less at the moment, the system has a great advantage that it measures absolute values of hemoglobin concentrations. In the present study, using a device equipped with a TRS system, we examined individual di...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_36
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Notch signaling pathway is a critical component of vascular formation and morphogenesis in both development and disease. Compelling evidence indicates that Notch signaling is required for the induction of arterial-cell fate during development and for the selection of endothelial tip and stalk cells during sproutin...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0899-4_16
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years it has been known that developing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum show periodic surges as they aggregate. When it was discovered that the cells were responding chemotactically to cAMP gradients produced within the populations, experiments were carried out that demonstrated similar periodic changes in ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09794-7_3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury during acute myocardial infarction or open-heart surgery would promote oxidative stress, leading to the accumulation of reactive aldehydes that cause cardiac damage. It has been well demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-2 is an important cardioprotective enzyme fo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_6
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surfactants are chemically synthesized surface-active compounds widely used for large number of applications in various industries. During last few years there is increase demand of biological surface-active compounds or biosurfactants which are produced by large number of microorganisms as they exert biodegradability...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_11
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myotonic dystrophies (DM) are rare inherited neuromuscular disorders linked to microsatellite unstable expansions in non-coding regions of ubiquitously expressed genes. The DMPK and ZNF9/CNBP genes which mutations are responsible for DM1 and DM2 respectively. DM are multisystemic disorders with brain affection and cog...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_17
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the oxygen (O2) cascade downstream steps can never achieve higher flows of O2 than the preceding ones. At the lung the transfer of O2 is determined by the O2 gradient between the alveolar space and the lung capillaries and the O2 diffusing capacity (DLO2). While DLO2 may be increased several times during exercise b...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_26
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established clinical technique that measures diffusion-weighted signals, applied primarily in brain studies. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique that uses the diffusion-weighted signals to obtain information about tissue connectivity, which recently started to become es...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_12
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between metabolism and immunity play a pivotal role in the development of obesity-associated chronic co-morbidities. Obesity involves impairment of immune function affecting both the innate and adaptive immune system. This leads to increased risk of infections as well as chronic low-grade inflammation, wh...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_14
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to better understand the mechanisms of cerebrovascular development and differentiation, the leptomeningeal microcirculation was analyzed using in vivo fluorescence video-microscopy in neonatal (1, 9, and 12 day old) Sprague-Dawley rats. The pattern of flow distribution was reconstructed, the location of radia...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_41
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that patients who undergo surgical operations have a high risk of infection and sepsis. One explanation for this high risk may be a depression of neutrophil functions at the postoperative period. In the present study, the effects of surgical stresses on neutrophil functions were studied in ten patient...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9543-4_34
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The studies on intact fibers of the frog and fast-twitch skinned fibers of the Syrian hamster suggest the presence of intermediate low-force (weak) and high-force (strong) attachments in the cross-bridge cycle. Our results suggest that the weak and strong attachments may be separately regulated by independent calcium ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inbred mice are routinely used as genetic models in lung biology. Among many phenotypic differences in lung function and structure, C3H/HeJ (C3) and C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice also demonstrate a significantly different ventilatory pattern during acute hypoxic challenge. The present study rejects the hypothesis that a g...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/0-306-46825-5_8
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The propensity of prostate cancer cells to seed the skeleton and then progress into clinically relevant metastatic tumors is widely recognized and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients. The natural history of prostate adenocarcinoma most frequently begins with a tumor diagnosed at a localized stage, wh...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_9
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The virus-derived protein Apoptin has the ability to induce p53-independent apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. It thus represents a potential anti-cancer therapeutic agent of the future but a proper understanding of Apoptin-induced signalling events is necessary prior to ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_2
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The integrity of the intestinal mucosa depends on a functional coordination of the epithelium, lumenal microorganisms, and the local immune system. The mammalian immune system is superbly organized for innate and adaptive recognition of microbial antigens, a defensive capacity that must be balanced against the tissue ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/0-387-33778-4_13
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protooncogene c-src is implicated in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. Its product pp60c-src is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase that is expressed in two phases of neural development. An activated form of the pp60c-src is highly enriched in the membrane of nerve growth cones and in the proximal n...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5876-4_10
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In proteomic studies, liquid chromatography is commonly used to separate peptide mixtures prior to mass spectrometry (MS) detection. As an independent dimension of information from the information provided by the MS, peptide retention time information has been proven to be able to aid proteomic data analysis in many a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9523-4_7
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the rapid advancement of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, genomics has become a big data discipline where large-scale genetic information of human individuals can be obtained efficiently with low cost. However, such massive amount of personal genomic data creates tremendous challenge for privacy, espe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6041-0_8
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 29 c-ANCA positive WG patients fulfilling the ACR classification criteria were examined for the expression of various leukocyte surface molecules by dual marker cytofluorometry (FACStar, Becton Dickinson). Activation markers such as CD25, HLA-DR, CD29 and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9182-2_69
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many fields such as data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition and signal processing, data sets containing huge number of features are often involved. Feature selection is an essential data preprocessing technique for such high-dimensional data classification tasks. Traditional dimensionality reduction appr...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An allosteric mechanism refers to the biological regulation process wherein macromolecules propagate the effect of ligand binding at one site to a spatially distant orthosteric locus, thus affecting activity. The theory has remained a trending topic in biology research for over 50 years, since the understanding of all...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8719-7_4
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Rat skeletal muscle can synthesize purine nucleotides de novo. 2. Nucleotide synthesis de novo was inhibited by approximately 90% in the presence of 1 mM azaserine. 3. Purine nucleotides can be synthesized via "salvage" pathways from purine bases and nucleosides. Under the conditions employed incorporation rates we...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8559-2_3
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons are long-lived post-mitotic cells that possess an elaborate system of endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) for protein quality control. Relatively recently, endolysosomes were recognized to contain high concentrations (400-600 μM) of readily releasable calcium. The release of calcium from this acidic organe...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_27
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy delivery using viral vectors has demonstrated efficient transfection but has safety issues. The need for safer yet effective delivery systems has led to the active development of non-viral techniques. In this chapter, we will discuss two evolving techniques - sonoporation with microbubble contrast agents ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_12
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripherin 2 (also known as RDS/Prph2) is localized to the rims of rod and cone outer segment (OS) discs. The C-terminus of Prph2 is a critical functional domain, but its exact role is still unknown. In this mini review, we describe work on the Prph2 C-terminus, highlighting its role as a regulator of protein traffick...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_81
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00