Improving the health impacts of airports.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine trends in the causes of death in a West African town. Mortality caused by infectious diseases is reported to be declining while degenerative and man-made mortality factors are increasingly significant. Most mortality analyses for sub-Saharan Africa have involved extrapolation and have not been de...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： van der Sande MA,Inskip HM,Jaiteh KO,Maine NP,Walraven GE,Hall AJ,McAdam KP

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malathion shows promise as a substitute for chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides in the control of malaria whenever the latter are unsuitable because of Anopheles resistance or other reasons. A field trial of malathion was carried out in 1963-64, covering an area of about 500 km(2) with a population of about 26 000, i...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Najera JA,Shidrawi GR,Gibson FD,Stafford JS

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health care reform in Europe is discussed in the light of the Ljubljana Charter, with particular reference to progress made in Estonia and Lithuania. ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Vienonen M,Jankauskiene D,Vask A

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few widespread diseases show such marked local differences in community patterns as does trachoma; these differences occur not only in over-all prevalence but also in the mean age at onset, the age distribution of the evolutive stages and the role of associated infections. These are among the factors which determine t...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Assaad FA,Maxwell-Lyons F,Sundaresan T

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two, 30-cluster, retrospective surveys of deaths from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia were conducted during 1982. The first survey, in the city of Jakarta, identified 16 deaths from neonatal tetanus among 2310 live births, giving a mortality rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The second survey covered 19 of Indonesia's 2...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Arnold RB,Soewarso TI,Karyadi A

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh using national survey data and to identify risk factors. METHODS:Sociodemographic and anthropometric data and data on blood pressure and blood glucose levels were obtained for 7541 adults aged 35 years or more from the biomarker sample of t...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Akter S,Rahman MM,Abe SK,Sultana P

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Tlaxcala State, Mexico, we determined that 80% of children who died from diarrhoea or acute respiratory infections (ARI) received medical care before death; in more than 70% of the cases this care was provided by a private physician. Several strategies have been developed to improve physicians' primary health care ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bojalil R,Guiscafré H,Espinosa P,Viniegra L,Martínez H,Palafox M,Gutiérrez G

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody r...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dayal R,Decrind C,Lambert PH

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the course of WHO/UNICEF-assisted tuberculosis surveys carried out in a number of African territories, sputa were microscopically examined for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Since adequate facilities for performing cultures to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections were not ava...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Sula L,Sundaresan TK,Langerová M

更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the request of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, a controlled field trial of a polyvaccine containing typhoid, paratyphoid and dysentery antigens and a purified tetanus toxoid was undertaken in 1958. The main object of this trial, which was carried out over a 10-month period simultaneously in four localities, was...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： KHASANOV MI,KHEIFETS LB,SALMIN LV

更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1954-55, a controlled field trial of two types of typhoid vaccine-alcoholized ("vaccine A") and phenolized ("vaccine F")-prepared in Yugoslavia was carried out in the town and district of Osijek. In an attempt to correlate the protection conferred on man by these vaccines with their potency in laboratory animals, a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： EDSALL G,CARLSON MC,FORMAL SB,BENENSON AS

更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a need to reassess the role of the trypanosomiases, both human and animal, in African ecology and economy. Withdrawal of control services from the Congo basin was followed by a resurgence of infection from ancient foci, many of them thought to have been extinguished. Successful elimination of Glossina in sava...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ford J

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A radiometric method has been developed which provides for the simple and rapid measurement of human blood cholinesterase under field conditions. The method involves minimal dilution of samples and the use of very low substrate concentrations, and is therefore more sensitive to cholinesterase inhibition by reversible ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： WINTERINGHAM FP,DISNEY RW

更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the validity (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) of a clinical algorithm as used by community health workers (CHWs) to detect and classify neonatal illness during routine household visits in rural Bangladesh. METHODS:CHWs evaluated breastfeeding and symptoms an...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Darmstadt GL,Baqui AH,Choi Y,Bari S,Rahman SM,Mannan I,Ahmed AS,Saha SK,Rahman R,Chang S,Winch PJ,Black RE,Santosham M,El Arifeen S,Bangladesh Projahnmo-2 (Mirzapur) Study Group.

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea that malaria in South-East Asia is synonymous with adult malaria is questioned in this paper. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic, community-based malariometric data were collected in Savannakhet Province, which shares borders with Viet Nam in the east and Thailand in the west. The data indicate that ende...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Anothay O,Pongvongsa T

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood samples from 58 leprosy patients were tested by the MK1R and VDRL slide tests, the latter being performed on normally inactivated sera and on the same sera heated for 5 minutes at 65 degrees C. The MK1R test showed fewer false positive reactions than the VDRL test on normally inactivated sera. The VDRL test on t...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： NARULA RN,GUPTA VP

更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A very large private health sector exists in low-income countries. It consists of a great variety of providers and is used by a wide cross-section of the population. There are substantial concerns about the quality of care given, especially at the more informal end of the range of providers. This is particularly true ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Mills A,Brugha R,Hanson K,McPake B

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antigenic structure of eight strains of influenza A viruses of avian origin was investigated by haemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralization and strain-specific complement fixation. All strains could be distinguished from each other, but certain cross-reactions were observed allowing the establishment of fou...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Pereira HG,Tůmová B,Law VG

更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors have compared the value of multiple doses of duck-embryo and HEP Flury vaccine with that of pooled 5% sheep-brain vaccine in experimental rabies infection in guinea-pigs. They found that the duck-embryo vaccine given in a dosage corresponding to 14 ml of 10% vaccine (the dosage recommended for human treatm...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： VEERARAGHAVAN N,SUBRAHMANYAN TP

更新日期：1963-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of violence against mothers on mortality risks for their offspring before 5 years of age in Nicaragua. METHODS:From a demographic database covering a random sample of urban and rural households in Le n, Nicaragua, we identified all live births among women aged 15-49 years. Cases wer...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Asling-Monemi K,Peña R,Ellsberg MC,Persson LA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of comparative assays have revealed considerable variation in the potencies of tetanus toxoids produced in different laboratories. Some manufacturers are able consistently to produce toxoids high in potency; others are not able to do so. While further work is required in order to correlate the animal assay...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： GREENBERG L

更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A serological trial of a formolized monovalent Asian influenza vaccine of conventional type, using a range of falling vaccine dilutions, showed a satisfactory antihaemagglutinin response in groups of volunteers vaccinated with relatively low numbers of haemagglutinating units (HU) of the vaccine.Booster injections, gi...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： HELLER L,KORLOF B,MORNER J,ZETTERBERG B

更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the global cost of establishing and operating the educational and refractive care facilities required to provide care to all individuals who currently have vision impairment resulting from uncorrected refractive error (URE). METHODS:The global cost of correcting URE was estimated using data on th...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Fricke TR,Holden BA,Wilson DA,Schlenther G,Naidoo KS,Resnikoff S,Frick KD

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple force-of-infection model for onchocerciasis has been developed for a study of the age-specific epidemiological trends during a period of vector control in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River basin area (OCP). The most important factors included in the model are the longevity of an infectio...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Remme J,Ba O,Dadzie KY,Karam M

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is widespread agreement that both the configuration and the application of state authority in the health sector should be realigned in the interest of achieving agreed policy objectives. The desired outcome is frequently characterized as a search for good governance serving the public interest. The present paper...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Saltman RB,Ferroussier-Davis O

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paula Radcliffe tells Gary Humphreys about her journey from athlete to clean air advocate and her hopes for a clean air initiative launched by the International Association of Athletics Federation. ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the first attempt at vaccination more than 200 years ago, debate has been ongoing about the relative benefits and risks. However, debate was overshadowed by the threat of crippling illness and death. Over the years, vaccination programs succeeded in its goals: eradication of smallpox, near eradication of polio,...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Pless R

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：Objective:To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Roth L,Adler M,Jain T,Bempong D

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A meeting of an informal working group on immune responses to viral antigens was convened in Amsterdam on 15-18 November 1982 to discuss recent developments in this field and to formulate proposals for international collaborative studies relevant to the needs of the WHO Programme on Vaccine Development. The meeting co...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper draws lessons from a review of primary health care services in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, undertaken by a regional health management team. The review was carried out because of perceived increases in workload and inadequate staffing levels, arising from the rapid expansion of the city associated with...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bell R,Ithindi T,Low A

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00