Abstract:
:TLRs are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect invading microbes by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Upon PAMP engagement, TLRs activate a signaling cascade that leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. The localization of TLRs, either on the plasma membrane or in the endolysosomal compartment, has been considered to be a fundamental aspect to determine to which ligands the receptors bind, and which transduction pathways are induced. However, new observations have challenged this view by identifying complex trafficking events that occur upon TLR-ligand binding. These findings have highlighted the central role that endocytosis and receptor trafficking play in the regulation of the innate immune response. Here, we review the TLR4 and TLR9 transduction pathways and the importance of their different subcellular localization during the inflammatory response. Finally, we discuss the implications of TLR9 subcellular localization in autoimmunity.
journal_name
J Leukoc Bioljournal_title
Journal of leukocyte biologyauthors
Marongiu L,Gornati L,Artuso I,Zanoni I,Granucci Fdoi
10.1002/JLB.3MIR1218-483RRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
147-160issue
1eissn
0741-5400issn
1938-3673journal_volume
106pub_type
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